Manure Disposal: Basic Techniques Part 1

Manure without processing begins to take up a lot of space, and also releases carbon dioxide and harmful substances. Therefore, farmers who are engaged in breeding farm animals and poultry try to pay attention to its correct disposal. Waste-free production is beneficial from an economic point of view. Manure can be used for different purposes.

Manure composition

To understand how best to dispose of waste from farm animals and poultry, you can find out the composition of this biomass. It depends on the material of the bedding, the method of cleaning and disposal of liquid, as well as the type of animal. Standard manure includes the following components:

• organic (25–35%);
• water (up to 80%);
• nitrogen;
• minerals and trace elements.

Most of the water is contained in the excrement of cows, but this indicator is influenced by the method of disposal. The amount of organic matter depends on the litter and food that the animals ate, their breeds. The highest content of these substances is in chicken droppings, and the lowest is in the waste products of cattle (cattle).

Minerals are present in the composition in the form of oxides and acids. It can be calcium, iron, chlorine, phosphorus, magnesium and other substances. The mass fraction of minerals does not exceed 1.5%.

Decomposing under natural conditions, manure forms silt, humus, releases carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, nitrogen. If during this process an excess of water is determined, more methane will be released, and organic matter will turn into sludge. When plant fragments and soil enter the biomass, humus is formed after the decomposition process.

The gases released during the course of reactions enter the atmosphere, disrupting the ecological balance. Only when recycling is carried out can you get the material that is most suitable for further use.

What can you get after processing?

It should be noted that the release of gases into the atmosphere, other by-products is not completely eliminated. It's just that the output is a more useful product, which may be the following:

• humus;
• dry fertilizers;
• biogas;
• solid briquettes used as fuel;
• gas for pyrolysis boilers;
• insulation.

Which way to choose for disposal, the owners of the site decide on their own. It is important to know the details of conducting such processes in order to avoid mistakes.

Cattle manure

The excrement of cows and other cattle contains little nitrogen and organic matter. This material has a high moisture content. These features make such waste suitable for the production of humus. And for the production of fuel briquettes, cow dung is not suitable. You will have to spend a lot of energy on the drying process. And this type of excrement is also not suitable for the production of pyrolysis and biogas, the production of insulation.

To obtain humus, biomass is piled up, treated with special compounds with bifidobacteria. Microorganisms actively process the material. During this process, manure is heated to 40-60 ° C. It is desirable that the litter be based on crushed plants. This compensates for the lack of organic matter, and the finished humus will be better to loosen the soil.

Pork manure

This biomaterial contains a lot of nitrogen and organic matter. Humidity, on the other hand, is low. This makes pig manure versatile for all types of disposal. Even naturally, excrement quickly loses moisture, which goes into the soil (this should not be forgotten when processing).

The disadvantage of this biomass is the higher content of helminths than other types of manure. It is impossible to store these excrements uncontrollably, to allow them to spill or get into the soil.

Often dry fertilizers are made from pork excrement. After processing, no parasites or pathogens remain in the material. Therefore, such material can be stored almost anywhere on the site (even next to a drinking water well). The finished fertilizer retains the original amount of nitrogen and trace elements, which contributes to the correct development of many types of garden crops.

The disadvantage of dry fertilization is the need for abundant watering. Bifidobacteria are added to the water. The process of obtaining dry fertilizer looks like this:

• the collected manure is squeezed out in a separator;
• acidity regulators are added to the biomass;
• the material undergoes heat treatment, during which helminths, pathogenic bacteria die;
• the dried mass is ground into flour in a mill;
• the granulator forms fractions of the desired size.

The finished material is packed in bags or sacks. This process requires the use of special equipment. Its acquisition is gradually paying off.

To be continued!

How do you process manure? Write in the comments!

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