How to pour a monolithic slab over a pile field. Tips for those who build a frame house
In some areas there is a steep drop in elevation (strong slope). In such cases, screw piles are screwed in as a foundation. And if on the site there are soils with poor bearing capacity (bulk soil or peat), then another option is the installation of driven piles.
After the installation of screw piles, the construction of a house is possible using frame technology or from a bar. And the floors in such a house are made either on wooden logs or panel boards from SIP panels. You can forget about water heated floors with tiles. In addition, over the past six months, the cost of timber has increased by 1.5 times. And OSB boards - generally three times! It became more economically profitable to build a house from aerated concrete, wood concrete or ceramics. Can this be done on a pile field, and even with the possibility of installing water-heated floors?
There is a rather rare solution because of its laboriousness - how to equip a concrete slab on any pile field.
Monolithic concrete slab on driven piles. The thickness of such a plate is enough 20 cm. The plate is mounted as follows:
On the outer piles, a strapping is made from a channel. It is also possible from a board of 200x50 mm. But then the reinforcement must be passed through the boards and the formwork must be pulled together. Props are mounted inside the perimeter - boards placed on the edge and then shields are laid. Ideally, laminated plywood. Or the same boards 50 mm thick. Then waterproofing with a film and two layers of reinforcement tied into a 150x150 mm mesh. The lower layer is raised above the shields by 3 cm. And the upper one is lowered below the surface by 3 cm. The diameter of the reinforcement should be calculated based on your loads.
The slab can be poured instead of a grillage on bored piles. And then build a house of light cellular concrete, wood concrete or light porous ceramics. Bored and driven piles have a high bearing capacity.
But the most difficult thing will be to pull out the formwork after pouring and curing the concrete. If the pile height is less than 0.5 m, then it is difficult. Therefore, there is an option of using fixed formwork in the form of a professional sheet НС44х1000х0.7 or Н60
At the edges of the foundation, the profiled sheet is placed on the strapping. And inside - on props or on metal corners welded to screw piles.
Reinforcement is laid in each groove of the profiled sheet (the diameter must be calculated according to your loads). As a rule, it is 12 mm for 3 m spans. The armature must be lifted with the help of special plastic inserts. The perimeter is also sheathed with formwork from a board, pulled together by the reinforcement passed in it, or side supports are installed with support in the ground.
The process of installing such a foundation:
But there is an even more technologically advanced and lighter monolithic overlap - this is often a ribbed monolithic overlap with aerated concrete filling or the MARCO technology.
Aerated concrete blocks (their length is 625 mm) are laid on the supports (ready-made beams in the form of welded reinforcing frames with a metal profile) with a pitch of 575 mm. Above there is a reinforcing mesh with a cell of 150x150 mm. Such an overlap turns out to be even warmer than just a concrete slab and it will take less reinforcement for it (there is no overrun). You can also reinforce yourself. Instead of factory reinforced frames, 200x50 mm boards can be used as horizontal supports. Between the boards there are blocks, and on the boards there are 12 mm reinforcement, raised by 3 cm on clamps made of smooth reinforcement.
Any floor is mounted using this technology. And for a pile foundation, I think this is the most energy efficient, fast-erected and lightweight (by weight) solution.
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