Russian oven - heritage of ancestors and contemporary performance of craftsmen portal

Despite its age and serious competition, Russian stoves are still in demand among the owners of country houses. They are used in houses, as a primary or secondary heating unit, as well as in different street complexes. The portal FORUMHOUSE many examples of performance as the classic versions, with couches and modified focused only on cooking delicacies.

Russian oven - there would be no happiness ...

To about XIII Rus unheated Courneuve furnaces - no chimney constructions, the combustion products of which went directly into the room, and recovered only through the door. Otherwise, this method is called on-black as soot face down on the ceiling and other surfaces. In addition to this kind of "decoration" in the huts stood and characteristic odor.

In the next century, a way to try to improve, adding exhaust window with a wooden bolt in the wall above the stove, and then appeared in the hood and the ceiling. At first it was just a tear (dymovolok) with a latch, and later it was equipped with a wooden chimney (hog). And only a few centuries, in the XVIII century, the first Russian furnace with a full chimney, which greatly contributed to the reform of Peter I. As is the case with beards, he did not prove anything, but simply banned the construction of houses with Cournot furnaces, first in St. Petersburg (1718), and a few years later - in Moscow (1722).

This ban was a great incentive for theorists and practitioners of the time, in a hurry to improve "smoking room" to more efficient heating of universal design. Now the oven is not only heats the house, she also gave a warm sleeping place is drier blanks, it is cooked food and kept warm. Not to mention the aesthetics and comfort.

laying scheme (poryadovkoy) and calculated table of main elements of Russian stoves were designed by architects I. AND. Sviyazeva and NA Lvov. The first printed edition, dedicated to the theoretical foundations of the furnace case, was published in 1876. However, potters, mostly illiterate at the time, built the great furnace, and on a whim.

Constructive material base

The traditional Russian stove - a massive stone construction batch, boiler-heating type, equipped with a stove bench.

Due to the high heat capacity of the stove accumulates the heat and gives it to the room for a long time after protopki. Therefore, the premise is not vystyvaet, even if you can not continuously maintain the fire. Standard dimensions Russian furnace were tied to the yards of, but when translated into the usual centimeters they are usually rounded.

• Length - 3 yard (about 213 cm is now 210 cm).
• Width - 2 yard (about 142 cm, is now 140 cm).
• Height to couches - 2,5 yard (about 178 cm, is now 180 cm).

Russian oven of this size can heat a room of about 40 m². The use of modern energy-saving technologies, this area can be significantly increased. What, then, what is now, the form can be what you want, but the design is classic Russian oven is immutable.

• Opeche - a foundation (brick, stone, concrete, wood), if opeche was wooden, it combined with podpechem.
• Podpeche (podpechek) - under oven cavity intended for fuel storage and drying.
• Hearth (set) - the base of the furnace, insulated backfill (sand, brick chips, expanded clay), providing an optimal temperature in the cooking / oven zone.
• Stove - a small cavity for storage of utensils, if it is located in the front, called podshestok.
• Hearth - a platform in front of the crucible, it is left to cook, after removal from the oven.
• Under - the base of the cooking zone, there is a slight incline forward (to the gases collected under the arch, and the dishes were easier to move).
• Crucible (cooking zone, the furnace) - occurs therein combustion and cooking.
• Body (the sky), - the upper part of the crucible, rectangular, arched or barrel-shaped, top filling as to prevent direct heating couches.
•  Bench (loft, side lap) - a platform above a crucible intended to rest or sleep, one of the main elements of classical design.
• Peretrube - backplate camera over hearth ending tapered nozzle (Heil), which collects smoke, giving heat to the house in front of the withdrawal tube.
• Damper - a valve hole over Haile, located behind the door, through which regulated flow of cold air from the pipe.
• The pipe (flue).
• Latch - is located in a pipe above the reel, allows completely block the flue.

And an example of a furnace with a stone base.

In a classic embodiment Russian furnace refer to bell-type structures with channel-free convection system. Because the heat source is almost meter height from the floor, and not only podpeche no channels, but it is also isolated, the temperature difference in the room can be more than ten degrees. In modern furnaces used for cooking and heating, this problem is solved by the device instead dymovodov podpechya to ensure uniform heating of the room, at all levels. And the furnaces can be more, depending on the required functionality.

Increasingly, based on Russian stoves build street complexes, whose main task becomes cooking in various modes. These ovens are not already have couches, significantly smaller dimensions, and to maximize maintaining the temperature in the cooking zone are used in the construction insulating materials.

Another modification - make a small furnace hearth under, so that you can prepare in the warm time of the year without the need to heat their entire furnace and premises. Often such furnaces the hearth of the furnace grate is equipped to get the BBQ, or put metal hob.

As for the masonry material, the best option - a special brick oven, designed for strong heating. But it is quite viable and structure of red brick, in combination with fireclay in the furnace zone and estuaries.

The main condition - the brick should be qualitative, not burnt through, with a smooth surface and good geometry as thin seams and not be able to play with a solution.

On sale is a decorative bricks with beveled and arched, but many processed in the usual - and the economy, and handmade.

Today there are no problems and with a variety of specialized solutions for the masonry, although our predecessors blends well treated on the basis of fat clay and river sand. Clay thoroughly before use crushed and sieved and sieved sand is calcined. The proportions varied - either sand and clay in equal parts water and one part by volume of sand or longer (five parts). As the complexity typically occur precisely at a suitable clay, on sale is not only ready-mix, but the clay kiln separately. Aesthetically pleasing look and a brick oven without further refinement, but if desired it can be oblitsevat. Plastered same clay and organically blanched furnace will only look respectively decorated room.

Among the participants of our site are popular, mainly street modifications Russian furnace designed for the preparation of delicacies in the open air or in gated communities. The use of classical design as a heating unit is much rarer: and her style not every interior vpisheshsya, and performed a complicated and efficiency smallish, and the place takes more modern tverdotoplivnikov. But the taste of food prepared in such a furnace, wins, compared with derivatives gas or electric ovens, barbecues and iron. By virtue of what is the maximum widespread street oven or complexes.

Russian mini-oven outdoor kitchen

paulking (Member FORUMHOUSE):

Recently completed masonry Russian mini-oven summer kitchen. furnace foundation dimensions: 130x130 cm, as a heat storage at hearth number three the brickwork. Displacement arch increased by reducing the depth of the hearth, a pipe - standard "Shesterikov" distance from the front wall to the outer wall of the crucible - 14 cm, between the mouths (arches) and the crucible hearth - 19 cm.

At the heart of the brick kiln, the crucible and the mouth of firebrick, cooking barbecue grill is placed directly into the furnace, on the coals, turns out perfectly.

The following structure located on the veranda, once on the hearth barbecue grate under the grate ash pan / ash pit with a door, which rod is adjustable. The size of the furnace foundation - 130x150 cm. Consumption of bricks:

• Vitebsk (oven) - Three of the pallet;
• Fireclay - sha8 100 pieces, 75 pieces sha44;
• corpulent normal (the outer tube) - 60 pieces.

Aleksandr1970 (Member FORUMHOUSE):

Russian mini-oven: 4,5 bricks in depth, 4 wide, plus slab under the cauldron, too, as much as possible compact. I use the new / used firebricks. The project laid consumption based on a brick without pipes and underground foundation:

• Standard furnace (or type) - 850 pcs.
• Fireclay №8 - 100 pcs.
• Wedge №48 - 50 pcs. (Or №45, 55 pcs.).

In reality, the material took over as summed quality bricks and geometry.

In the craftsman makeshift solution used based on the purchase of clay and sand, and the mixture was ready for laying the crucible and the firebox proved. As a heater for the vault - stone wool.

Details and photos step by step process of masonry of these and other projects - in the subject line an outdoor furnacesAs well as in the section stoves and fireplaces. In one of the articles about modern heating equipment for solid fuel with a maximum automated service told of pellet boiler. For fans of live fire - material of self-construction of the fireplace.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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