How to dig a pond: the formulas, calculations, waterproofing and technology

Repeatedly observed that people who dream of their own pond, affectionately call him "pond". We'll show you how to make their ponds members of our portal.

Choosing a place for the reservoir

Proper pond on the site must be in the right place. To find on the site is the right place, it is necessary to take into account several factors: the level of groundwater and soil composition, lighting, site topography, distance to the trees. People who are covered, "the dream of a pond", often begin with a study of the neighborhood ponds, not to repeat the mistakes of others. For example, if the underlying soil - clay, it will hold the water in the pond; through the sandy soil the water will easily go away, especially if groundwater is deep. It is these factors affect what will be pond depthYou need I buy materials for waterproofing, how difficult will work, and what time of year it is better to spend.

axelo (Member FORUMHOUSE):

In this case (high GWL) economical will dig in the cold, and not only the spring - water pumped torment.

The relief area depends on the future shape of the pond - you want to waterfalls and fountains or smooth mirror of water. Lighting plays an important role - not desirable that the time of exposure to direct sunlight exceeds six hours. Therefore, even if you think you know a lot, like the five fingers, it is recommended a few days to observe how it is illuminated by the sun. If you make a pond for fish, the lighting requirements are especially important - the warmer the water, the lower the oxygen level in it.

The more sun, the more should be a pond.

Many fear a reservoir placed next to the trees, although it would seem, that we needed and make shade. It is said that the roots of trees can break the waterproofing. On FORUMHOUSE it is considered likely prejudice.

DreiW (Member FORUMHOUSE):

It is believed that this is just another myth. "Roots and the film", "moles and film", "pond and mosquitoes" - folk art. More damage from leaf litter and igolochnogo with adjacent trees pond will.

In the experience of members of our portal, roots, as stones and other hard or sharp objects on the bottom, can mechanically damage the film during the filling of the reservoir water. To prevent this, the bottom and the walls are cleaned by them, optionally spiked with sand, and for the waterproofing layer is required to fit a layer of geotextile.

If the roots at the bottom is not visible, but the neighborhood with trees still worried, you can to dig between them and a pond, flat sheet of slate or iron.

How to determine the size of the reservoir

The dimensions of the future of the pond depends primarily on its purpose. It's one thing if you want to dip into it after a bath, the other, if you need a pond to breed carp and crucian carp. For admiration may be enough old tubs, dug into the ground and lined with plants. In most of the recommendations stated that the reservoir area should be not more than 3% of the total area of ​​the site.

Often the size of the budget directly dependent on the "pond project" sizes - as in the calculations on the cost of the film no longer fit within the boundaries of reason, or when you realize that the pit may have to dig by hand, the decision to make it the size of slightly less.

Andrew 64 (Member FORUMHOUSE):

Pre-construction assessment of your financial opportunities. In 2010 he began equipping the reservoir for 10 cubes. Then calculated budget - more than 100 000 rubles. Work materials (stone, film), filter, pump, skimmer ...

The depth depends on whether there is winter fish. Alternatively, it is possible to dig into the bottom of a large barrel in which carp can sit until spring. But 

Lower Pond point is located below the level of soil freezing.

Ashvud (Member FORUMHOUSE):

Ask the fishermen about the thickness of the ice in your area and multiply by 1.5, as a small pond freezes stronger.

How to dig a pit

Determine the size and shape of the pit, we mark up its contours. If you plan a rectangular pond on the site of the future angles are driven pegs and pulled the rope, but often make the pond in the form of a bean, so the shape of the rope spread. The dimensions of the pit, which was dug excavator or manually, can be calculated using the formula for the volume of a truncated cone - the internet is full of calculators, which will only drive sizes.

The walls of the pit, the future shore, align, make terraces. The bottom of a conventional three-level suburban pond do. The depth of the first terrace of about 30 cm, the second - about 60, on the third level - maximum depth. If it is more than 120, the body of water suitable for fish farming, and then on the bottom or kotlovanchik dig for the winter, or, as mentioned above, using a barrel.

The first two zones can be used for growing plants. Nymphs and hardy lilies planted at a depth of 40 cm to a meterIn the second zone, so usually there beforehand, to make small the water filling the recess. Shallow water is necessary - water in this place is always warming up, there are going to fry, etc.

Choosing gidolizolyatsiyu

Mike (User FORUMHOUSE):

Waterproofing is needed. Otherwise, the water will not stay. A very rare case, when there is hydrogeological conditions for the natural reservoir.

Before there were artificial materials for waterproofing ponds, it was made of clay. The so-called clay castle users FORUMHOUSE do now, basically, creating so ekoprudy called, or when compelled to do so the size of the reservoir - to lay a film is too expensive. Clay Castle - a three layer of clay 15 cm in height, applied to the bottom of the pit. This method has several grandfather subtleties - to discourage worms, before applying the first layer of clay is first sprinkled on the bottom of the pit layer of soot and the like This is a difficult and time-consuming technology. To the bottom is not cracked over time, to take the castle clay "fat", with a minimum content of sand each layer of well-tamped and fully dried, and then applied to the next. On a clay castle poured large stones, they -melkie on them - river sand.

mike:

The complexity of the work on the device of a clay castle exceeds even reinforced concrete works. Each Shmat clay must be qualitatively indentation and smeared. Otherwise the water will find a hole and run away.

If we talk about artificial waterproofing, then on our portal preference for different types of geomembranes also have followers concreted pits. The most accessible material is a high-pressure foil (LDPE), but it is the least reliable type of waterproofing, although many owners of reservoirs speak about this material, as durability and resistance to mechanical damage. Further, in order of increasing cost, durability, hardiness and reliability are:

• PVC film, the service life of 10-15 years;
• Butyl rubber tape, service life up to 50 years. This material is recommended for deep reservoirs (below 2-3 meters) because of its high strength and ability to stretch three times without loss of performance characteristics;
• Liquid waterproofing. But we're not talking about the pond, which will make us experts "turnkey", but the body of water, which will make their own hands, so this option will not be considered. Also leave options rigid waterproofing - ready "bath" ponds of almost any size and terracing, which are installed in the prepared pit.

DreiW (User FORUMHOUSE):

I think as zagidroizolirovat... butyl - expensive HDPE / LDPE film - unreliable, concrete - and expensive, and neperedelyvaemo (suddenly wants to change shape). Maybe several layers of clay compacted by textiles?

Choosing material for waterproofing, it is recommended to pay attention not only for its cost. It is equally important that the composition was not dangerous chemical additives that the material is resistant to UV, cold-resistant, resistant to mechanical damage and strong (with the purchase, check for gap).

How to calculate the size of the film

For the calculation of the film, we need to take measurements, to know exactly: pond length, width of the reservoir and its greatest depth.

Film size is calculated by the formula: L / W = web length / width pond + 2 + 1 m depth.

Ie, to determine the length of the film, we take the pit length, add to it two of its depth and one meter (half a meter on the reserve on each side).

Just and define the width of the film.

DreiW:

I think we must first see what the standard sizes of canvases width is, and then enter them under the pond, not to cut / glue. It will be cheaper.

Thus, for the pond length of 9 meters, 5 meters wide and 1.5 meters in depth, according to our calculations required piece of film 3h9 meters.

How to make waterproofing

mike:

Waterproofing is made from a single piece of a special film, which is placed in the pit. Decorated with boulders and pebbles. It is filled with water. Put the pump with filtration plant. You can attach the stream to the pond or waterfall. Add underwater lights. Water Area is ready.

The above instructions can be considered exhaustive. We dug a pit, bought film. If you could not find a suitable piece of the whole, it can be glued together, but this work is best left to professionals because the quality of the welds must be really high.

Before laying the film from the bottom of the pit is removed all the stones and roots, and it is better to fill the bottom of the sand reservoir. On top of the geotextile is placed on it - waterproofing material.

The film is laid on a warm day, because of exposure to heat it becomes more elastic. The edges of the top film are fixed with soil and stones. For a while, the film should lie down, and then it slowly filled with water.

You can make an earthen castle - dig around the perimeter of the reservoir groove depth of bayonet spade, put back the film edge and dig in the ground.

All these stages "manufacture pond" visible on FORUMHOUSE Members Photos amalex:

First was dug pit 3x4 meter depth 1.6 meter deep portion.

Then - made three terraces at different heights, bedding geotextile.

On top of a bed geotkestilya butyl rubber film.

Poured onto the film nourishing greasy soil, which were planted by nymphs. Sprinkle on top of the ground river sand.

Incidentally, not everyone believes that the right to pour the soil on top of the film.

Fishhelp:

The film on the bottom and the walls should be clean, undisguised, overgrown with weeds and no more. Decomposing organic water saturates the decomposition products nitrogen and feeds unicellular algae that cause algal blooms.

A pond filled with water from the well. In order not to raise the haze, at the end of the hose put a package without a bottom. The edges have imposed turf. The film was cut in the sizes 20 cm pond on hem.

The pond added a bucket of water from a natural pond to create a biological balance. On the first terrace, at a depth of 40 cm, planted lobelia and iris in the project fountain and fish.

Before you start digging the pit, be sure to review the section of our portal "Pond in the country" which deals with all aspects of this topic. Read our article about how to arrange a flow range of pools for fish farming. Watch our video: A man tells and shows how it is done great pond.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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