The history of the electric motor - from the first experiments to real applications

Electric motors so tightly into our lives that we do not even imagine life without them. Do you know how to create a prototype of the modern motor? No, but it is interesting to know? Then, in this article I will briefly explain the fascinating history.

The first experiments with electromagnetic devices

I want to start my story a little bit far away and tell tezisno of the earliest research work with electromagnetic devices.

And I'll start with the experiments of the Italian scientist Volta, who constructed a chemical source of current of the first in the world for more than 200 years ago, namely in 1800.

Twenty years have Danish physicist Oersted opens a unique property that is flowing current is able to deflect in the plane of the magnetic needle.

And already in 1821, M. Faraday, a British scientist and renowned experimenter presented to the public his treatise "On some new movements and electromagnetic theory of magnetism." In his work, the physicist describes in detail how to make a magnetic needle incessantly revolves around a fixed magnetic pole.

Completed installation allowed scientists to create a non-stop transforming electrical energy into mechanical energy. It is generally accepted that the design be considered the first electric motor in modern human history.

1822 Frenchman Andre Marie Ampere opens the magnetic effect of the solenoid and the idea of ​​the complete equivalence of the coil was formulated with the flowing current and the permanent magnet. So as to enhance the magnetic effect was first proposed to put in the center of the coil metal core.

In the same year, P. Barlow invents homopolar motor - wheel Barlow.

1825. J. Arago shows the public experience, in which the copper disc set in motion the magnetic needle, which was suspended over it (the disk).

In the same year the US Sturgeon constructs the first electromagnet.

The landmark 1831 just two of the great physicist M. Faraday and D. Henry, independently open the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. That's only the first Faraday publishes its study of this phenomenon.

1832. French I. Pixie creates the first AC generator following construction: two opposite coils with the metal core located freely rotating magnet horseshoe form. After adding to this design the switch setting was to produce a pulsating direct current.

In 1833 the public saw motor with direct current, and demonstrated this construction W. Stredzhen. And its design is considered to be the first applicable in practice.

That same year, E. H. Lenz publishes his work, which shows the interchangeability of the electric motor and the generator (reciprocity law magnetoelectric phenomena).

Only now we got to the first real electric motors

May 1934

Moritz von Jacobi developed the world's first motor which rotates the output shaft - all existing engines to this were anchored with reciprocating or rocking movement.

Created Jacobi motor had a power of 15 watts and had a speed of rotation in the range of from 80 to 120 rpm for 60 seconds.

1939

Jacobi first rolls 14 passengers on the Neva. In this case, the boat was driven by an electric motor with a capacity of 1 horsepower and energized from 69 elements Grove. This epoch-making event, which is considered the first real use of the electric motor.

1856

Werner von Siemens (founder eponymous company) invented the first electric generator with double T-shaped anchor. It was he who first came up with the winding positioned in special grooves.

1871-1873 years

Belgian Zénobe Gramme refinement by eliminating the main disadvantage of electrical machines with a T-shaped rotor (strong pulsation generated current and overheating). He suggests using the design of the generator and a self-ring anchor.

1885

G. Ferraris, and then in 1887 H. Tesla independently (at least so considered) creating a two-phase induction motor, here Ferraris just refuses to further improve a prototype, as it believes it ineffective. A Tesla patented his invention, and as history has shown mistakenly believes the two-phase system of a promising future.

1889 – 1891

Mikhail Osipovich Dolivo - Dobrovolsky reading the works Ferraris invents a rotor in the form of "squirrel cage". Further work system can create a three-phase alternating currents and three-phase asynchronous motor, whose structure is currently little changed since the invention.

Here is a very interesting and ornate path led to the creation of the modern energy world. If you liked this article, then evaluate it, and if you want to learn about the different stages of details, write it in the comments. Thank you for your attention!