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Prepare roses for winter: how to temper what and what to conceal, how to trim. How color influences the frost

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Answers to the main issues of concern before the advent of winter rosarian

Conceal or shelter? That is the question that worries all owners of October rose bushes. And if you cover, how, what and, more importantly, when?

Do all you need to cover the roses?

No, not all. Species and old garden roses (with a few exceptions: Chinese, Bourbon, tea), even in the most severe winters do not need shelter. This explains their special winter hardiness is very simple: they bloom, usually one time, early finish their growth, and their wood is good time to mature and prepare for winter.

By contrast, modern garden roses were created specifically to delight us with their continuous flowering from early summer to late autumn. A "eternal" bloom followed by prolonged growth of shoots which in the middle zone does not have time to mature winter. Therefore, almost all modern roses are in need of shelter. And most of them hardy bush (shraby) also. The only exception among modern shrub roses Group wrinkly rose hybrids: they are also early bloom and re-bloom they are not very abundant.

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What determines how well spend the winter roses?

  • Firstly, from the hardiness of a particular grade. Winter hardiness of varieties within a single garden group is different.
  • Secondly, the state of the plant and its preparedness for the winter.
  • Thirdly, on the weather conditions.
  • And finally, from the ways of hiding.

It is clear that not all these factors are subject to man.

Is it possible to prepare roses for winter?

Influence, we can not weather, but as much as possible to prepare roses to the upcoming winter tests we can. There are relatively simple agricultural practices, through which rose shoots ripen better.

As is known, nitrogen contributes to the formation of vegetative mass and delays the growth period. Therefore, in the second half of summer dressing exclude nitrogen fertilizers. In August and early autumn roses are fed only potash and phosphate fertilizers, which stops the growth, contribute to the maturing of the wood and increases plant resistance to cold.

Another effective technique nipping the shoots growing in early autumn. By removing the growing point of the shoot growth ceases in length, and nutrients are deposited in the kidneys and tissues.

Watering and hoeing also reduce to a minimum, and do not cut off the faded flowers for the same reason, so as not to stimulate further growth of the shoots.

In October, gradually pluck leaves first at the bottom, and then the rest of the branches, removing and nevyzrevshie shoots. The plant is deprived of natural breathing and ability to eat through the leaves, and forced to prepare for winter.

Whether the plant will harden?

Stability of roses, as we have said, largely depends on their condition at the time of the onset of frost. It is clear that a strong, healthy and hardened plant better transfer and sudden changes in temperature, and cold.

Rose bushes, whose summer and early autumn was a good healthy foliage (not affected by insects and diseases), accumulated a large supply of carbohydrates, and this contributes to their successful wintering. Over the truncation of flowers with long leafy shoots weakens the plant. Worst winter and roses growing in the shade, since the lack of lighting they accumulate fewer carbohydrates. A slight drop in temperature (slightly above 0 ° C) in the middle of the fall, on the contrary, it promotes accumulation.

Head covering material - it snow, it is the most reliable to protect roses from frost. All the rest spruce branches, foliage, lutrasil - serves only for his detention.

At 25-30 degrees below zero under a layer of 50-70 cm of snow in the temperature falls below -4-5 ° C. Therefore, shoots and bends to the ground, so that they are necessarily covered by snow. At a low snowpack will have to throw it further. If the snow for a long time does not drop, the roses may die, despite all efforts. But in cases where from the beginning of winter will drop a lot of snow and it is not bonded, to the spring, modern garden roses can hibernate in the middle lane without any additional cover.

With further cold weather (-2-8 ° C) cells in plant tissues are dehydrated, and carbohydrates are converted into sugars and fats - substances that protect plants from frost. That is why it is impossible to conceal the roses too early - the plants have to go through all natural processes, that is, in a timely manner to complete growth and go to rest.

But, unfortunately, tempering - a reversible process. Acquired resistance to frost can be lost again, if after lowering the room temperature suddenly establish long warm and humid autumn. Roses touched in growth and expend the accumulated reserves of carbohydrates, and if it is then sharply hit frosts, the plants will be difficult to survive such extremes.

Do I need to cut the roses before hibernation?

Trim leaves

The purpose of the autumn crop - prepare the bush to the shelter. Therefore, once the flowering park roses and hybrids wrinkled autumn roses are not trimmed, their shoots are not bends to the ground (with a few exceptions, such as «Rugelda» grade), since they do not require shelter.

Shoots hybrid tea, floribunda, polyanthas, miniature roses pruned to half their length. Re-blooming shrub roses, climbing over large-growing period could reach a height of 1.5 m or more. In late October, they are cut by a third. Melkotsvetkovye Climbing roses are not trimmed, but in early September, pinch out the growing point.

If you have not previously broke off from the leaves of roses, do so immediately before the cover. Shelter leafy plants can not, because the process of respiration and evaporation of water will continue. Under the shelter of high humidity may cause rotting of not only leaves, but shoots. Decayed leaves over the winter are spreaders of disease. For the prevention of fungal diseases, all the leaves and cut branches should be removed from the beds and burn, and plants to treat a 3% solution of liquid Bordeaux.

Nevyzrevshie, sick and weak shoots will transfer low temperatures and can cause death of the whole plant. They are removed to ground.

How to cover the roses?

Before the shelter dug the soil under the rose (with a bayonet spade), taking care not to damage the roots. Shrabov shoots and climbing roses need to bend down to the ground and lay on a layer lapnika. Not to break the powerful plants, bushes break with one hand and placed, prishpilivaya shoots to the ground.

Shrub roses, okuchenny the winter.

Then spud bushes - or rather, to the base of the bush spiked dry earth mound height of at least 30 cm. Clipped hybrid teas and floribunda as a result are covered with soil almost completely. In shrub roses (after being bent to the ground) spud the base of the bush, you can sprinkle the ground and shoots.

Hilling helps keep the plant a large number of buds, and in spring it will be possible to use any method of pruning. The air temperature under such a reliable earthen shelter (even in the absence of a snow cover) while still substantially higher than outside.

However, with hilling roses for the winter, too, should not rush. It is better to do it in two stages. From mid-October at the base of shrubs gently pour the ground to protect against unexpected early frost. And finally spud just before the onset of permanent cold.

It is undesirable to use pure peat, sawdust or sand - they are very water-holding capacity and the sharp fluctuations of temperature in the winter ice crust can be formed around the roses. From its pressure on the bark of the plant will crack through which to penetrate the infection.

Hilling - the best kind of protection of the root system. But - attention - the land is not raked to the beds, as it is bared to the plant roots, and pour (it can be compost, humus or just loose earth). In addition, the soil between the rows can be concealed old layer of straw manure, shredded bark or leaves rotted.

When the ground is slightly podmerznet (in the middle lane, usually in late October - early November), finally rose harbor. Do it better in dry weather.

Sheltering spruce branches roses

One of the simplest of materials used for cover roses - lapnika layer or foliage dry thickness of not less than 10 cm. However, it is reliable in relatively mild winters. If lapnika not, you can use oak leaves and crop residues, which are not pereprevayut over the winter.

A more reliable way to cover roses - air-dry. Above bushes mounted frames 50-60 cm tall, the top and side stack any heating material, e.g., gidroteploizolyatsionnuyu paper, glassine, paperboard. I am covering: polyethylene film. The end faces of the shelter is closed when the temperature; drops below -10 ° C.

Harboring lutrasilom over lapnika

Air-dry method such named because when it bushes protected from moisture penetration precise hut, and the air layer protects plants from hypothermia. Especially this method is reliable in the harsh snowy winters. But using it can only togas who is on your site constantly ooze comes in early spring: the air-dry shelter in March, roses need to periodically ventilate.

As cover stam roses?

Planting roses shtambovoy considering further prigibaniya to the ground.

About shelter standard roses still need to take care when planting. That is just to determine which way they can be bend down to shtamb not lay down, for example, on the track. Shtamb not to break, bend at the base must be on the opposite slope

Harboring shtambovoy roses.

At pre-cut bole crown (in accordance with its membership of a garden group), then the plant break through from one side, bend down to the ground and root spud. prishpilivayut if necessary.

Under crown bole laid lapnikom or make a bed of coarse sand, and the top is laid another layer lapnika, fixing its film or nonwoven. For greater reliability, you can lightly sprinkle top of the ground. Do not put the crown of the trunk below the soil level, as in the valley during thaws or spring water will accumulate, shoots and vymoknut zagniyut.

About hardiness of roses can be judged by its color. It is best to spend the winter varieties with red and pink flowers. Worse - with white. And the most vulnerable - the yellow variety.

And if the spring will still have dosazhivat, find out how to choose the most suitable varieties of roses and how to get a viable seedling using potatoes.

In the video - more about the nuances of proper preparation for the winter roses.

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