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What is the tolerance on the voltage STATE

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If you ask, what power in the socket, then you say that 220 volts. But if we make the voltage measurement, for example, a multimeter, it does not always show it 220 V and can be seen even 200 V and 250 V. And what is the reason of such variation, and most importantly, a deviation of the norm according to GOST and will be discussed in this article.

Why the voltage deviation so harmfully

Any change of the nominal voltage in one direction or another has had a negative impact on the operation of connected equipment. In any enterprise, where the particular process, reduction of the supply voltage may increase during these processes, resulting in increased cost of the final product.

And if the voltage is too high, the connected equipment will operate with congestion, which reduces trouble-free operation of the equipment.

A striking example is the incandescent lamp. If you reduce the applied voltage by 10%, the emission intensity will be less than 40%, and an increase in the voltage by 10% leads to the fact that the life of the lamp will be reduced fourfold.

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Consider a conventional induction motor. If the voltage on the stator winding will be reduced by 15%, it will lead to the fact that torque the shaft is reduced by 25% and if you want to start the engine, it is likely, it will not succeed do.

Also, when such a low voltage current increases strongly, which leads to heating of the stator windings, and trouble-free operation time will decrease rapidly.

For example, the long-running engine at a supply voltage of 90% of its nominal value leads to the fact that the service life is reduced by half.

What are the rules according to GOST

The information we take from GOST 29322- 2014. The maximum allowable deviation from the norm of 10% in both directions in the event of a momentary deflection and 5% in case of prolonged deviations. That is, for a voltage of 230 volts tolerances are from 207 to 253 volts, and 400 volts for the voltage of 360 to 440 volts.

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As in standard specifies that, with respect to consumer rejection rate should establish a network organization, but it is guided by data GOSTohms and the set value can not exceed the limit values ​​prescribed herein.

As the power struggle with disabilities

So, with the maximum permissible deviation of such clear, but what if the voltage is outside these limits. In this case, the energy required to eliminate this phenomenon, and that's how it usually happens:

The simplest embodiment (for energy) is to raise the voltage directly at the substation. If transformers are equipped with tap changer (control live), the duty staff can change the voltage in the range of +/- 16% a control step 1,78 %.

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If the voltage on the substation is not possible, and you have observed a strong deviation from the norm, for example, in the hours peak load voltage is significantly lower than normal, then one of the solutions to the problem is to replace the supply line with the installation of a larger wire, so it is likely your line is already quite old and wire cross-section is no longer sufficient to feed the growing load.

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conclusion

If you find the voltage deviation from the norm by more than 10 % short-term, or 5% (long-term), it is necessary to inform your network company, and they are required to take measures to eliminate the causes of such changes.

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