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What distinguishes the wiring in a wooden house in the United States and Russia Part 1

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By studying the vastness of the Internet, you can find an example of implementation of the wiring in a wooden house in the US and at first glance it seems that there (overseas) just simply do not think about security, make the connection with a flagrant violations. In this article I will compare the requirements of Russian and American standards, and only then we will draw conclusions, where safety standards are actually tougher. So, let's begin.

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The first brief comparison

If you do not go into details and just look at the wiring, in Russia to carry out its hidden option in the tree will have to use metal Enclosures, pipes. All this is firmly grounded and still need to take into account the shrinkage or swelling of the wood.

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And in the US it is just a wire in a conventional insulation panels prokidyval inside and you are no problems. But this is only at first glance. And now let's move on to a detailed comparison.

The difference in the voltage used

The first difference is immediately evident, is the voltage difference. We are long accustomed to that outlet

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220 voltAnd here in the United States in the socket 127 Volt.

This reduced voltage has advantages besides disadvantages. And chief among them is lower than the available power.

At this voltage is equal to the maximum power 1920 watts.

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In addition there are the following disadvantages:

1. More substantial losses on transition resistances.

2. You want to use a cable with a large cross-section conductors.

3. These systems are much more likely to experience short-term drawdowns and voltage drops.

4. Due to the low voltage transformers need to install a small close to the consumer, as the supply lines are rather short. For example, on the network Russia 380 Volt can be much longer than in 8 times.

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But in addition to the drawbacks, there are clear benefits:

1. Such networks are better in terms of fire safety. After all, the lower the voltage, the lower the probability of insulation breakdown.

You can quite reasonably argue that by lowering the voltage increases the current flowing through these wires, and oddly enough sockets are designed in the USA 15 And and 20 And.

But the whole point is that the receptacles differ structurally and load with a fork designed for 15 Amps can be inserted into the socket on the 20 AmpsAnd not be able to do the opposite.

In this case, to an outlet on 20 Amps supplied cable with a section of at least 3.1 mm2 (AWG12) and he lived such a cable quite easily withstand current 30 Amps. Waschischat such a line can only be automatically calculated on the 20 Amps.

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And at the same line length from the outlet to the panel should not exceed 30 meters. If you want to perform a more long line, you have to use a heavy gauge wire or a machine instead of on 20 Amps install 15 ampere machine. And all because the voltage drop at the end point must not be higher 3%.

And all of these requirements are strictly prescribed in the codes.

Now let's look at our cable KVVG 3 * 2.5 mm2, which is commonly used in the outlet line. Tell many people bother about the length of the line, and the more to reduce the nominal circuit breaker?

Of course, the voltage used in the US 240 VoltBut mainly in the workshops or garages.

2. Network with lower voltage safer.

Anyone in the gross consideration is walking resistor. In this case, the approximate resistance is equal to hand-arm 2 k. And the smaller the voltage is applied to such a "resistor", the less current will pass therethrough.

And as you know, it does not kill the voltage that is current.

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Of course, the voltage 240 Volt can be found in USABut usually only in garages or workshops. Also, such a high voltage fed powerful air conditioners, ovens, and dryers.

If you recall the times USSR, the previously used the same voltage 127 VoltBut it was decided to go to for economic reasons 220 volt. In this case, the replacement dragged on for many years.

American cable wiring

In most cases, the following types of cables used in the private sector:

- Cable type NM and UF in PVC insulation;

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- Metallorukavny Type MC cable.

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In Russia metallorukavny cable - it's exotic and unique yet, but the NM can be compared with VVG ng - Ls.

The first thing that catches the eye is the fact that the earth wire has an insulating coating in the US cable.

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In Russia, the wires have a full layer of insulation.

It turns out that in the case of an American conductor if there is insulation damage, most likely will not short-circuit, and earth leakage. And such damage recognizes RCD and de-energize the line before reaching the sparking threshold circuit.

Another American manufacturers add special additives gorchiteli that are designed to deter rodents.

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In Russia, with such special additives manufacturers do not bother at all.

This is only part of the difference posting in a wooden house in USA and in Russia. If you liked the article, you will appreciate it Like. Do not want to miss the sequel, then do not forget to subscribe. Thank you for your attention!

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