How to grow mushrooms at home: species and agricultural techniques
Grow mushrooms in the country or not difficult at home
There are simple techniques that will help to get a good harvest year round. Read the article, how to grow mushrooms for themselves and for sale.
Content
- The methods of breeding mushrooms
- optimum
- oyster
- Champignon
- Porcini
The methods of breeding mushrooms
To get a chic crop, it is important to cultivate mushrooms at home. There are several options:
- Planting of mycelium. Acquired a special harvesting of seeds. On the site you need to make a hole. On its bottom placed sawdust and leaves. The packaging of the seeds indicates the area to be sown fungi spores. Seeds are removed from the packaging, is stirred with a special activator growth and nutrient soil (humus). After seeding the mycelium should be thoroughly watered, covered ground with fallen leaves.
- The landing of mushroom seedlings. Pieces of fungi soaked in water for a day and then precipitated them into the ground. This method is suitable for the cultivation of mushrooms. Seedlings are introduced into the ground under a tree. It abundantly watered with the same water in which soaked mushrooms slices.
- Tree Transplanting with mycelium in the roots. A nice piece you need to find in the forest. This method is time-consuming, so rarely used.
For beginners mushroom is better to choose the first method. Over time, you can try other methods.
optimum
No matter which way you choose to grow mushrooms, it is important to ensure optimal conditions for crops. The main ones are the following requirements:
- Mycelium planted in open ground needed from April to September.
- Suitable place in the area must be in dense shadow.
- The spring is introduced into the soil growth promoter.
- Planting mycelium need early in the morning or in the evening after sunset.
- It is impossible to plant mushrooms closer than 50 cm away from the tree trunk.
- When the mycelium starts to grow actively, it should be abundantly watered.
oyster
This fungus can be grown even in the room, such as in a garage, cellar, basement. The harvest can be collected year-round. Putting pretreated four percent lime solution. It is closed for 2 days, and then to aerate until the smell has not disappeared completely.
Rooms in the room should have two. The first will grow mycelium, and the second should be grown mushrooms.
Now we need to prepare the ground. It may consist of sawdust, husks of sunflower seeds, milled corn cobs, straw. Also you need to add compost here one or more species. Pochvosmes soaked with warm water for 30 minutes. The liquid is drained, and the substrate is drained. Then, it is 7 hours pour the boiling water, leave under the yoke. The liquid is then decanted again and drained soil. It added limestone, gypsum, superphosphate and urea.
Ready wet substrate is filled into a plastic bag, which make small hole with a diameter of about 2 cm. The distance between them is kept approximately 20 cm. Through these holes will grow mushrooms.
The bags need to fill the soil in a certain order. First, make 15-20 cm layer of moist soil nutrient. It laid the mycelium, which is to fill the space of the bag at 2/3. His tie and referred to the first room. Sacks are best hung from the ceiling, but you can arrange them in rows.
The temperature in this room should be about 24 ° C. The bags thus heated must reach 28 ° C. Air should be very humid, almost 95%. Mushrooms sprout in the dark.
Mycelium is necessary periodically to ventilate. Once the mycelium starts to grow, the bags are transferred into a second room. Here it is necessary to provide sufficient oxygen. Humidity needs to be as high as in the first room, but the temperature decreases. It is from 12 to 18 ° C.
artificial light (fluorescent light) generated in the second room. Daylight should last 12 hours. When the mushrooms begin to sprout, the holes need to be expanded. After 8 days after the first small oyster mushrooms can be gathered the first harvest.
Champignon
For these fungi sprouting almost do not need sunlight. They also undemanding as oyster can grow even near the fruit trees. An important prerequisite is the use of mushroom cultivation soil rich in organic components.
To prepare the potting soil, it is necessary to prepare 12 kg of gypsum and lime, 50 kg of cow or horse manure, 20 kg of straw. The ingredients are mixed thoroughly to form a pile. It watered and densely ram. The mixture is covered with plastic wrap, leaving it for 2-3 weeks. ammonia smell should completely chasm.
Now we need to dig a trench depth of 30 cm. It is filled with prepared substrate. Watered soil with plenty of water. Mycelium is placed in the trench. It is covered with straw. The ambient temperature should be about 20 ° C.
The soil on which the mycelium grows, moisturize, but not ram. Harvest can collect within 2 months.
Porcini
There are several methods of cultivation of white mushrooms. But better to take the job, try to grow oyster mushrooms or mushrooms. White fungus is grown by the following methods:
- transfer;
- landing of the finished material;
- seedlings.
This procedure is carried out from May to October. Work is carried out only after the sun goes down.
Before landing of the fungus in the soil it is desirable to disinfect. This will avoid the death of the mycelium of harmful microorganisms that may be present in the soil. For disinfection use a simple recipe.
You need to make a strong black tea. To 100 g of this welding liter of boiling water is poured. When the tea infusion, cool down, they watered the ground.
It can also be used for these purposes oak bark. 30 g dry material is poured liter of water and boiled for one hour. The vaporized liquid volume must be periodically refilled. This means also watered the soil after cooling infusion.
Transfer
If it is decided to grow mushrooms by transplant, dig mycelium, and then put him in the ground, where there are deciduous and coniferous trees and shrubs. It is necessary to dig planting material in the same tree where you plan to put white fungus.
Before the selected tree at a distance of 50 cm from the stem to dig a pit depth of 30 cm. Laid down fallen leaves, sawdust. They poured soil layer that precipitated mycelium is excavated. The soil is watered abundantly. From above the disputes need to cover the leaves. Watering is carried out in the first 2-3 weeks.
Planting seed
Mycelium white fungus can also be bought in a specialty store. For him also choose a place near the tree. There should be moist and dark. Stepping back from the 70 cm stem, make a hole. Its depth is 50 cm. At the bottom is laid mixture of sawdust, leaves and soil. The layer thickness was 20 cm. Further poured layer of soil 10 cm in thickness, and it compost.
Now it is possible to plant the mycelium. She sprinkled the earth and leaves. Gather the first harvest under favorable conditions it will be possible for the next year.
Mushroom Sprouts
There is another way to grow a white fungus on the site. It is necessary to bring out of the woods hats this plant. Their finely chop or grate. You can skip harvested material through a meat grinder.
Gruel poured water and insist night. Now you need to choose the right place for the landing of the prepared material.
The soil under the selected tree is necessary to dig up. Here are making compost. When configure themselves slurry in water, it is poured onto the prepared ground. This place leaves cover.
These simple tips will help you to grow your favorite variety of mushrooms. If there are multiple trees in the area, it is possible to grow this mushroom glade. There will be a nice vacation. you can grow them in a greenhouse or a suitable room if desired. Mushrooms can be collected year round for yourself or even for sale.
Those who are in a quiet hunt are neutral, we recommend read about the need to work in the garden, original methods of storing harvestAnd particularly collection and storage of apples. In the video - for a life without a super-market, or how to make living in the village.
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