Proper roof: varieties, especially the choice of parameters

Characteristics of the main types of roofs, the system elements

Often, talking about the choice of the roof, they mean only the roof covering, and speaking of the roof, the roof is meant in general. And although such a substitution of concepts is quite acceptable, though the initial values ​​at different terms. And if the choice of the type of roof even undesirable, but let's already under construction, the roof itself, as one of the most important structural elements of the house, must be carefully designed and computed. In this article we consider the basic types of roofs that make up the design and features of the selection.

Content

• Roof - is ...
• The main types of roofs
• roofing
• What to look for when choosing a roof

What is the roof

Roof - top element in the design of the house holds the main protective and decorative function. It not only protects the house from all external influences and prevents the outflow of heat, but also provides the building attractiveness due to the form, size, and roofing. The roof is also called fifth facade, meaning it was her aesthetic parameters, ideally corresponding to the selected architectural style. Sometimes it is the roof of "pulls" typical boring box, for example, due to the height, disproportionate rays or long overhangs.

As for the difference between the roof and the roof, the constructive, the roof is a complex, composite system of different elements.

A roof - namely topcoat roof with protective and decorative functions. And, as already mentioned, in use these concepts interchangeably. But if the roof without a temporary roof cover (banner, roofing, films and others.) Optionally can stand, then separated from a complete roofing roof is impossible in principle.

Most roofing materials versatile and suitable for almost for all types of roofs will only vary the complexity of operations and the amount of waste that is - the issue price. However, there are coatings that require special structural elements, laid in the project, so in any case, the optimal Alternatively, when the roof and the type is determined once, at the design stage, particularly in the case of large and complex buildings roofs.

In practice, however, and the house is still very often build without the project, "out of his head," not to mention the roof, but this approach increases the risk of getting various stages of readiness under construction. All the more so with the current abundance of specialized graphics editors, and online calculators do not even the most advanced user is able to perform at least a primitive sketch and calculate the load, it would be a wish.

The main types of roofs

All roofs can be divided into two main types:

• flat;
• pitched.

flat roofs

Multilayer horizontal design with little or no slope, 1-2⁰ (up 4⁰) necessary to remove sediment visually less noticeable. Divided into exploited and unexploited, are relevant to the houses in a modern and minimalist style. Despite the seeming simplicity of the design, implementation complexity due to increased requirements for waterproofing.

pitched roof

Within a category, divided into several varieties, differing in the number and the geometrical shape of rays and the level of implementation complexity.

• abat-vent - in the original version is the simplified subspecies represented by one inclined plane, based on the load-bearing walls, located on different levels in height. The angle of slope varies from 10 to 60⁰, considered optimal bias pent roof 30-35⁰. To improve decorativeness pent roof construction complicate, multiple rounding, bending or combining plane orientation.

• Gable (gable) roof - one of the most common designs consist of two ramps separated by the ridge (rib). In this type of design there gables - the side wall portion in the shape of triangles formed from the main wall materials or different from them. Depending on the architectural plan, rays may be the same, forming an isosceles triangle in cross section, and with different angles of inclination and length of the overhang. The minimum allowable tilt angle of rays - 20⁰, optimal - 40-60⁰.

The other subtypes except custom designs are derivatives of a gable roof.

Pil18

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Pyramidal (hipped or hipped) formed from roof gable roof. Their gables are cut off ramps to the full height. Triangular ramps hipped roofs are called hips. Poluvalmovaya roof hipped different from the fact that inclined planes they are cut only part of the gables. Chetyrehschiptsovye roof formed by the four compounds gable planes.

If the roof is not scheduled attic and living room, seasonal or year-round (heated), built mansard roof. It can be both simplified gable and gambrel and poluvalmovaya, its feature is not a form of rays, and the presence of thermal insulation in roofing pie. Often in case of lack of floor space in the attic or loft cold converted perform major reconstruction, mansard roof nadstraivaya more quadrature.

To the original roofs include round (domed, conical) - they are erected at preferably houses a circular shape, as well as over the turrets on the houses with the "locking" architecture. From the usual, pitched, they differ not only in form, but the particular structure of truss system.

roofing

Roof - layered design team, even if it is an uni-directional type. With rare exception, when operated base flat roof is reinforced concrete slab floors, consists of the following basic elements.

• Mauerlat - necessary for rigid fixation of the roof to the ground and a uniform distribution of point loads on the design elements on the walls. Represents a load frame, is located at the upper contour of bearing walls. The wood and lumber houses mauerlat acts as an upper crown, a frame, an upper rail, in the rest - antiseptified wooden beam, section of 100x150 mm, 150x150 mm. It is also permissible to use as mauerlat double boards (50 × 150 mm).
• Rafter system - carrying a frame structure, which determines the shape of the roof, formed of inclined beams (lag), the uprights and braces. Going both from individual parts at the place, and from the finished truss, prefabricated or improvised. In private houses mainly wooden truss system, with the exception of the metal frame structures (LSTC). The most important parameter of roof system is the distance between the rafters (step).

Pil18

installing trusses step depends on the section of the board is used (timber) and the length of truss member so loads the calculated value for the region. The data presented in the table, do not replace a full calculation of the bearing capacity of truss system, they can be considered as a recommendation for fairly simple roofs. The table shows the values ​​corresponding to the possible maximum loads on the truss structure to the Central European region. Also, the data table prepared taking into account the range of lumber, which let Russian companies, according to GOST 24454-80 (untreated wood).

Standard operating, Last amended 12.09.2018 g, now called "softwood lumber. Dimensions. "

• Lathing - frame construction of the boards or beams which are laid on rafters at an angle of 90⁰, receiving the load from the roofing and precipitation. Depending on the type of roof covering, applied sparse solid or lathing. Under some finishing materials may require a combination of sparse lathing and liquid-resistant plates (mild shingles, roll roofing).
• Roofing - finishing protective and decorative layer is sealed, fixed to the crate base or slab.

Besides the basic elements of the protective membrane (steam, waterproofing) used in the device of the roof, and if mansard roof, then specialized insulation materials. Most often this species slab are laid between rafters or in two layers with overlapping joints.

If the attic cold type is planned, it is not insulated ramps and overlap, thus providing thermal protection of the building.

The nuances of selection Roof

In most cases, the most important parameter in the selection of the roof type is the price issue - the more complex the design, the more expensive it will be. Most of the budget in all respects, it considered a simple gable roof whose angle of rays does not go beyond 25-30⁰. It can be both cold and mansard, with such form factor inside space is sufficient.

No less important are the climatic conditions in the area of ​​construction, flat and sloping roofs of lean-not the best choice in areas with high rain and snow load. And where in the month a handful windless days - worth a hundred times to think before making the steep slopes. As for decoration, the key to spectacular species is not so fanciful shape and elite roofing material, as the harmony. The roof must not only conform to the architectural style of the house and walls, but also the surrounding reality.

Output

So that the result does not disappoint, the roof should be designed at the same time the house is optimal - the shape and parameters of the roof system, and the type of roofing. Another thing is that the project can be a model or make your own with the help of computer programs and normative tables. Very convenient that modern technology can "try on" different types of roofs and advance to "see" whether or not to bother with a hip or a house looks good and dvuskatkoy. And if you can not decide on your own, you can always ask assistance forumIn the profile section.

On this topic - interesting roof SudeikinDeveloped an outstanding Russian architect in the last century, but even today has not lost its relevance. And if you do not want the roof like everyone else, pay attention to the granite - original form and the available budget in tandem. In the video - a stone house with a flat roof.

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