What is ionistor, its scope and device characteristics

Ionistor or otherwise supercapacitor - a kind of hybrid of a conventional capacitor battery. Let's look at this unusual element closer and know its working principle and application in modern electronics.

How does ionistor

Abroad, this element is referred to as EDLC (Electric Double Layer Capacitor), Which translates as "electric double layer". And the products work is based on electrochemical processes.

Ionistor from the capacitor is characterized in that the electrodes have the usual dielectric layer. Instead, the electrodes are made of materials with opposite types of charge carriers.

You surely know that the capacity of the condenser is directly dependent on the area of ​​the plates. That is why the supercapacitors used foamed carbon electrodes or the activated charcoal.

Separation is carried out electrodes separator. And the entire inner region is filled with the electrolyte, generating on the basis of solutions of acids and alkalies and has a crystalline structure and a solid.

For example, through the use of solid electrolyte RbAg4I5 (Rubidium, silver, iodine), you can create ionistor with negligible self-discharge, increased capacity, and thus the product will withstand low temperatures.

Modern electric double layer capacitors, based electrolyte is used, the solutions of alkalis and acids are not produced because of the toxicity of the components.

Principle of operation

Leaking electrochemical reaction causes a portion of the electrons to break away from the electrodes, whereby the electrode carrier becomes of positive charge.

Negative ions disposed in the electrolyte, the electrodes are attracted to the positive charge.

This whole process is a prerequisite for the formation of so-called electric layer.

A stored charge stored in the boundary region between the electrode and the electrolyte. And the thickness of the formed layer of anions and cations is from 1 to 5 nm.

Pros and cons of supercapacitors

Thus, an advantage of such a product as a supercapacitor, can include the following:

1. The minimum time of charging and discharging the product. In other words ionistor can be charged in a very short time and to use the stored charge while on the accumulation of charge in the battery takes quite a long time.

2. A large number of charge-discharge cycles (over 100,000).

3. No need to service the product.

4. Low weight and small size.

5. During charging, there is no need to use sophisticated chargers.

6. The product normally operates at a temperature in the corridor from -40 to +70 degrees Celsius.

By cons include the supercapacitor

1. The high cost of the product. Until now ionistor worth considerably more expensive than conventional capacitors and batteries.

2. Low voltage products, which is designed to ionistor. Supercapacitor feature is that they are designed for a rather low voltage, whose value depends on the type of electrolyte used. To increase voltage, electric double layer capacitors connected in series. But in addition to this connection, you need a super capacitor to shunt resistor due to the alignment of the voltage on a separate supercapacitors.

3. If you exceed the operating temperature of 70 degrees Celsius, there is a high probability that the product is simply destroyed.

4. The supercapacitor - polar element, so when connecting polarity must be observed.

Ionistor on schemes

The diagrams ionistor expressed exactly as an electrolytic capacitor and to distinguish them only by the accompanying inscription. For example, if next to the schematic representation will be written 0,47F 5,5V, it immediately becomes clear that before you supercapacitor. Since conventional capacitors such capacity is not produced and the low voltage helps to define.

Application area

Supercapacitors have been actively used in modern digital equipment. For example, they act as a backup power supply for the volatile memory, microcontrollers, digital clocks, etc.. So we can conclude that they have been widely disseminated.

conclusion

In this article, we talked about supercapacitors, first appeared in the 1960s in the United States and are issued already in the Soviet Union under the name K58 1978 - 1. I hope this article was useful or interesting to you. Thank you for your attention and do not forget to evaluate the material.