How to connect the LED to 220 Volt

In most cases, the LEDs are powered by 220 volts via drivers (e.g., a conventional LED lamp), but in some If necessary, connect to the network only one LED as an indicator here, just use Driver inexpedient. In such cases, we use a simple scheme which today we'll talk

Features connection to 220 volts

It is known that the driver converts the sinusoidal alternating voltage in the rectified DC voltage and small current powers the LED with a low voltage. The network as we present the average voltage of 220 volts at a frequency of 50 Hz. Since the LED passes current in only one direction, it means that the LED will be lit only at the half-wave:

This means that the radiation will occur at the same frequency of 50 Hz. But due to the fact that our vision is not able to distinguish light blinking at this rate, we will see an even glow.

A reverse voltage polarity applied to the LED, it is able to disable. Therefore, the use of protective measures required.

Options for connecting the LED to 220 Volt

The simplest option is to use connection of the resistor connected in series with our LED.

The most important thing to calculate the resistance of the resistor and take into account the fact that the voltage is 220 volts rms, and the amplitude value is equal to 310 volts and this voltage must be considered when calculating the resistance resistor.

In addition, the need to implement protection LED reverse voltage of the same magnitude. There are several solutions.

Sequential connection of a diode with a breakdown voltage of 400 V and more

Driving this connection is as follows:

In the above scheme applies 1N4007 diode with reverse voltage of 1000 V. If you change the polarity, the voltage is applied precisely to this diode, and therefore the LED will be protected from breakdown.

Shunting simple LED diode

In this embodiment, the connection may be applied absolutely any low power diode which is switched in anti-parallel with the LED. In this connection the reverse voltage is applied to the resistor, and wherein quenching occurs. The diode thus included in the forward direction.

Connecting two LEDs

Such a variant of the scheme is as follows:

The principle of operation of this scheme corresponds to the above, only here the LEDs emit light of each sine wave on the site, and they protect each other from the breakdown.

Using the damping resistor has one very significant drawback. In operation, the resistor is an allocation of large amounts of power.

In the presented schemes has been specified resistor with R = 24 ohms, which means that when U = 220 V current flow will be 9 mA. This means that power dissipation across the resistor will be as follows:

0,009 * 0,009 * 24,000 = 1,944 W

In the end, to the resistor from overheating and worked steadily it is necessary that its capacity was not less than 3W.

In the case of the use of more current consumption of LEDs will increase. A power consumption will increase in proportion to the square of the current. Hence, the use of a resistor is simply impractical.

After all, if you set the low-power resistor, then it will lead to significant damage to the heating element, and that will cause a short circuit.

The use of current-limiting capacitor

If the use of current-limiting resistor is not desirable, the scheme may include a capacitor. The main advantage of using a capacitor concluded as follows: the resistance is reactive in nature, that is to say an item is no power dissipation.

In the above scheme illustrates a typical connection diagram of the LED network 220 volts. Due to the fact that the capacitor after de-energizing the network remains with the accumulated potential which can dangerous to humans, it must defuse. For this scheme introduced resistor R1. R2 And a protective function of the whole circuit from possible inrush current. VD1 diode LED has a protective function.

It is important that the capacitor used for voltage of 400 V.

Note. Using polar capacitors in such schemes unacceptable due to the fact that the current flowing in the reverse direction, will destroy the element.

For calculation of the capacitance by the following formula:

Thus, if it is necessary to perform the connection with the LED voltage drop of 2 V and a current of 9 mA required capacitance is:

conclusion

In this article, we are considered the inclusion of options in the chain 220 LEDs. Such circuits can be used only when Led is used as a backlight or display.

Perform the connection of power LEDs of such schemes is undesirable because instability voltage will result in a very rapid breakdown of Led element. For these cases need to use special power supplies - drivers.

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