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Magnetic starter purpose and principle of operation

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Magnetic actuators are widely used in all areas of industry and they are intended to run high power three-phase motors. In this article, I'll show you how to construct these switching devices, and on what basis they operate.

Varieties of magnetic contactors

Thus, the magnetic switch is used to connect, disconnect powerful three-phase asynchronous motor with squirrel-cage rotor. Also great functions in the remote lighting control circuits, switching circuits in compressors, pumps, cranes, heating furnaces and t. D. As you can see, the range of use is very wide. And starters operate at different voltages, but mainly at 220-380 volts with a power frequency of 50 hertz.

If equipped with a magnetic starter with thermal relay, it is able to protect the motor against possible long-term overload. And in some versions even present surge protection.

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Depending on the kind of compound used diagram actuators may be reversible and irreversible.

Depending on where the installation is assumed starter may be made as follows:

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1. Open construction. Such devices are mounted in closed rooms, pits, without access panels of dust and moisture.

2. Protected construction. Is installed in areas where little dust and no moisture.

3. Pylebryzgonepronitsaemogo performance. Mounted indoors or outdoors but under cover.

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The performance characteristics of magnetic starters are divided into:

- the presence or absence of additional auxiliary contacts. They may already be built or kept separate bar. With them it is possible to realize a reverse lock when using the starter. Also contact block typically used in starting circuits or signaling (e.g., through a extra touch, you can connect a light bulb, which will signal the connected mechanism).

- What is the current and voltage coil is formed.

- Yes or no thermal relay.

Apparatus magnetic starter

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Structurally, the magnetic switch can be divided into two parts. At the top are the following components: a group of contacts and the movable arcing chamber and the movable part of the electromagnet (connected mechanically to the contact group).

In the lower half of the following parts are placed: an electromagnetic coil, the second part of the magnetic circuit and the return spring.

Let us now go through the details of the design in more detail.

return spring. This part of the product is to be returned to the original location of the upper part of the starter after the voltage supply is stopped and the magnetic degaussing happen.

Electromagnet It is made of two L - shaped portions collected electromagnetic steel.

Coil with a winding of copper wire, which can be calculated on the voltage at the 24, 36, 110, 220 and 380 volts.

contact groupWhich in the initial position is opened and closed in the working position.

So Inside products we met, let's find out what is the principle of work.

How does the magnetic contactor

Thus, the magnetic switch works like this: as soon as the coil is supplied voltage creates a magnetic field, which is due to its strength (it also overcomes the resistance of the return spring) connects the two halves of the L - shaped magnetic core, as well as the upper movable part has a mechanical connection to a group of contacts, they are also attracted to and results in closing group contacts.

The engine starts to enter voltage and it starts to work.

Once the voltage across the coil is lost, the magnetic circuit is demagnetized and the return spring returns the upper half of the magnetic actuator in its initial position.

Rules of installation of electromagnetic actuators

In the first place, to ensure proper installation, please note that the installation must be performed on a flat, well secured in an upright position bar. It is necessary to avoid vibration when the starter is activated.

Installation of the starter with thermal element must be carried out in areas with a minimum temperature of alignment. If you do not comply with this requirement, at elevated ambient temperature can be false positives. So we should not have the starter with a thermal relay near heat sources.

If a pin clamp fed one conductor, it is required to be performed compound type "lamb" to the terminal by the occlusion was not to skew.

In case one clip is fed under two conductors, use of direct connection type.

Thus the copper conductors to be pre zaludit.

Before the first start-up should be mandatory once the scheme to check the correct execution of the installation.

Faults and maintenance of starter

In principle, magnetic starter quite unpretentious in service, but it requires periodic maintenance.

If you notice that in the process became the starter strongly overheated, it is likely to be out of order coil (interturn circuit), but may also overheat the starter overvoltage in the network, and a major overload contact with weakened connections.

Strong buzz apparatus can be caused by a number of reasons, such as: loose fit the magnetic circuit due to contamination of the contact surfaces or undervoltage in the supply network.

Routine inspection and maintenance of the product to avoid most of these problems.

conclusion

That's all I wanted to tell you about this interesting and necessary switching device as a magnetic switch. If the article was useful to you, you will appreciate her huskies and thank you for your attention!

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