What is different from a single-phase three-phase voltage

Have you ever wondered why some of the guards comes voltage of 380 volts and 220 volts in the other. And do not think that it is better to have in the house: three-fazku or one-fazku? In this article I will try to explain in simple terms the advantages and disadvantages of these systems.

So, if two conductors (phase and neutral) go into the house or apartment, this system is called a single-phase and the operating voltage is 220V (phase), and if the four wires (three phases and neutral), then such a system is called a three-phase, and the operating voltage is 380V (Linear).

Let's look at the key differences

Thus, as seen from above and there and there is present a common neutral wire. And if you are in a three-phase network will measure the voltage of each phase with respect to zero, in all cases you will get the value of 220V. Only when you measure the voltage of each phase relative to each other, you get a value of 380 volts.

This is due to the fact that the phase vector symmetrically shifted by 120 degrees, and by measuring the voltage between the phases, we can see the geometrical sum of two vectors onaya just equal to 380 volts.

From this we can conclude that there trehfazke three-phase system that can be easily connected consumers. The only condition would be an even load distribution on the phases, in order to avoid such unpleasant and even dangerous phenomenon as the unbalance between phases.

Pros and cons of systems

Each of the presented system has its own distinct advantages and disadvantages of these or directly dependent on the power consumption, a threshold value which is 10 kW.

Advantages of a phase

utmost simplicity

Low cost

Relatively lower 380V dangerous voltage

Cons one phase

The power of such a system is limited to just 10 kW notorious

pros trehfazki

Capacity is limited only selected sections of a suitable conductor.

Reduced energy consumption.

Possibility to power the equipment for industrial use.

power switch options are available on a less loaded phase.

cons trehfazki

installation cost is higher as compared to the single-phase connection.

380 volt is potentially more dangerous in comparison with a parameter of 220 volts.

Voltage single-phase loads has its limitation.

Where 220 and 380 where

Probably, the vast number of ordinary citizens in the apartment and in the house there is a single-phase network with a voltage of 220 V. And this is connected with the fact that up to the power of 10 kW (for most apartments and houses less consumption) it is expedient to connect odnofazku.

A three-phase network is used in the event that power consumption is planned to exceed the threshold in 10 kW or electrical equipment is present, it requires three phases for proper work.

Of course, it is possible, for example, three-phase motor to run and from one phase by using capacitors. But remember that this approach will significantly reduce the efficiency of the engine and significantly increase the power consumption.

For example, the maximum power consumption of a private house is 8 kW, it means that the input can be sent twisted pair copper cable cross-section 6 mm, and on the introduction of put on the machine 40A.

If the load is equal to 15 kW, it turns out for the single wire current value is already equal to 70 A. And so, in this case it requires a wire section 10 millimeters of copper and a power breaker. And they are already significantly more expensive. In this case it is much more advantageous to use the already trehfazku and "scatter" load of 5 kW per phase. That is why most of the shops, offices and the more companies it is powered by three-phase systems.

Scheme incorporating a "star" and "triangle" in trehfazke

So, in order to get out of trehfazki normal phase voltage, you need to take one of the phases and neutral (the aforesaid for all phases is common) - and such a connection is called "Star".

If we need a voltage of 380 V, we use just a linear voltage - a compound is referred to Triangle

That's all I wanted to tell you about the main differences between single-phase and three-phase power supply system. Thanks for attention.

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