How to grow a cherry orchard

Lecture by Tatiana Boyandinoy, a researcher at the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia they MA Lisavenko devoted to the biological characteristics of the plant and farming techniques

Perhaps most important of all stone fruit for us is the cherry. We appreciate her taste and beneficial properties of fruit, for the opportunity to cook wonderful preserves and jams, make excellent liqueurs and compotes. Besides, cherries has high decorative qualities and in a time of flowering decorates any garden.

planting cherry

to the site requirements: light, warmth, protection from strong winds, good aeration.

Cherry - one of the most light-loving horticultural crops, but during the flowering of her love of light increases even more. Cherry planted in the shade will be drawn out, and most importantly, it would adversely affect its productivity. The plant will feel good about themselves, where at the same time warm, lots of sun, there is a protection against strong wind, but he needs a good air mode. That is, in the valley, at a high fence, dense stands of shrubs and trees will not do. It should be a place where winter is not cold air will accumulate in the summer will not stagnate wet, which creates conditions for the development of fungal diseases.

The soil

Cherry does not transfer acidic soilsShe bad fruits and freezes even slightly acidic. Not suitable for growing cherries areas with GWL two meters from the surface. The rest of the cherry has low soil, can grow on any but the best – on the black earth and brown sandy loam.

Humidity

During flowering cherry is especially sensitive to soil moisture, and even more so - the air. cherry blossom period often coincides with the dry, hot and windy weather. This often leads to the fact that dry up pistils and pollen becomes sterile. To help in this situation it is possible, as the watering of tree trunks, in an extreme case, it is necessary to put under the tree trunks with water containers.

Another dry period often coincides with the time of intense fruit filling (in Siberia - at the end of June or beginning of July). If cherries at this time not to water, you get a small fruit. Cherry watered so that the soil soaked to a depth of 70 centimeters. The volume depends on the age of the plant, on average - from three to ten buckets.

Three weeks before harvest watering cherry cut to prevent cracking and deterioration of fruit quality.

Vlagozaryadkovy watering cherry is not carried out.

It is important! In inexperienced gardeners sowing irrigation became often cause damping off cherry bushes.

The first watering - before flowering, the second watering - in the first ten days of June, the third - the period of loading the fruit.

Pollination

The vast majority of varieties of cherries samobespolodny, they require grade-pollinator. It should be considered when planting (need pollinating varieties):

• In central Russia grows sour cherry.
• In Siberia - cherry steppe.
• There are also sand cherry.
• And the choicest form felt cherry.

Sour cherry varieties, varieties of Prunus tomentosa and their hybrids vzaimoopylyayutsya. Felt cherry pollinated felt cherry and pollinate plants of its kind. Sand Cherry pollinated sand cherry, as well as drain and cherry hybrids. But even samoplodnye sort of mutual cross-pollination significantly increase productivity.

Planting cherry, take care that the seedlings were at least three varieties of the same species.

Tatiana Boyandina

Researcher BRE Lisavenko

On the plot should be planted at least 3-4 varieties of certain species.

On a small area, which is not enough space to put the required number of varieties can go from a position in two ways:

• Instill in the crown of cherries cuttings pollinating varieties.
• Placed in the crown of the container with flowering branches the right varieties.

Compulsory work for the gardener-owner cherries - attracting bees to hives. Helps spraying flowering plants honey solution (100-200 grams honey to 10 liters of water) or a solution of sugar (proportions are stored). To spray the average bush, only one glass solution.

Mutual cross-pollination has a positive effect on productivity even samoplodnye varieties.

scheme planting

Planted a cherry in the spring, before the bloom buds on seedlings.

The size of the landing pit: 40h50h50 cm distance between the bushes - 23 m, distance from the other landings - 3-4 meters.

Preparation of the landing pit

Planting hole is prepared in the fall. Each introduced: Five-six kilograms of humus, 300 grams of superphosphate (or double superphosphate 150 grams) and 70 grams of the potassium salt. Fertilizers must not come into contact with plant roots.

Tatiana Boyandina

Better use of triple superphosphate - very ordinary soil salinization.

When planting necessarily sure that there is the root collar correctly. Do not forget to make holes on the perimeter of earthen cushion height about 10 centimeters. Planting ends curtain (1-2 water bucket on seedling) and trimming. How radically cut sapling, it depends on the state of the root system, if the roots are weak, and cut to 1/3, and ½ height. crop space required to lubricate garden pitch.

Abundant crop of produce, mostly old varieties of cherries. New varieties selection a lot overgrown with do not give.

Care

In the first year of life of cherries in the garden care boils down to, to maintain the soil in the tree trunks in a uniformly wet (this is important, because the new roots of the plant grow slowly). Tree trunks desirable zamulchirovat humus.

In the next two years should be given to the fight against weeds and diseases, the soil should be kept clean of weeds and loose. To avoid damaging the roots, loosen the soil to a depth not exceeding 10 centimeters.

If cherry was planted in a well-prepared, tucked the landing pit fertilizers, feeding is carried out from the fourth year.

top-dressing

The most valuable fertilizer for cherry wood ash is: on one square can be led around-trunk circle 150 grams of ash.

Tatiana Boyandina

Fertilizers are applied every 2-3 years, in early spring or late fall. As usual, the nitrogen - in early spring, and phosphorus and potassium - in the autumn.

Of mineral fertilizers contribute superphosphate - 60-75 grams, potash fertilizers - 60 grams of ammonium nitrate -45-60 grams.

In this diagram,- one of the ways of feeding liquid fertilizer.

About the lack of minerals can be found on the outside plants sight:

• With a lack of nitrogen the plant shoots grow poorly, premature yellowing leaves.
• If lacking phosphorus, Leaves turn purple-red or purple hue.
• With a lack of gland observed leaf chlorosis. Chlorosis can talk about that cherry growing on alkaline soils. When chlorosis plant was sprayed with iron sulphate.
• at deficiency manganese, copper, zinc plants manifested whitening, twisting, falling of leaves. Showered many axillary buds die off new shoots. Lack of micronutrients are usually compensated by spraying, top dressing is carried out after flowering cherry. Usually only two or three sprays at intervals of two to three weeks.

pruning

As already mentioned, the new varieties of selection do not form a large number of shoots, but it must be removed in a timely manner.

Also deletes all the branches over eight years: When cutting annual leave two or three young shoots to replace the old. A well-formed bush should have no more than 10-12 shoots of different ages with good lateral branches.

After a decade of growth slows cherries, fruits decreases. In this case, apply the renewal pruning and cutting the old branches.

Tatiana Boyandina

Rejuvenation pruning will extend the lifespan of the bush up to 20 years. Pruning is carried out only in early spring before bud break, because the wounds after pruning in the fall do not have time to overgrown. Wounds obscure garden pitch or paste "Rannet".

With regard to diseases and pests, Tatiana E. says that a good result is possible only if proper care and prevention: from amateur gardeners to protect plants enough opportunities without chemistry. It is only necessary to remove and promptly burn patients branches and damaged fruits attract birds land, and so on. D. Another important factor is the purchase of seedlings from reliable, well-established manufacturers.

We suggest you to read our article about spring grafting cuttings, Watch the video master class on how to make winter inoculated fruit crops, And talk with experienced growers cherry on the theme.

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