WATERING own hands: from the preparation of schemes to installation equipment

Construction of the complex systems of automatic irrigation, allowing irrigated areas with a large area - it is the task of specialized niche companies. In this case, the concerned owner of the forces to build on the site system, which automatically provide all plantings reviver. And if all the calculate correctly, the plants were planted in the area will receive water to suit individual needs.

Variety of watering plants and principles of irrigation equipment location.

Irrigation systems - irrigation installation, imitating the natural precipitation in the form of rain. Such installations are common due to its simplicity and ease of use. As a rule, they are used for watering lawns and flower beds. The basic principle of alignment of nozzles in a sprinkler system is that watering radius adjacent nozzles must completely overlap. That is, after watering the territory practically there should be no dry areas.

grom1300 (User FORUMHOUSE):

Ideally, polivalki have to stand on top of the triangle. In any case, every polivalki should be watered at least another Sprinkle.

Installations for basal drip (point) Irrigation - a watering systems that deliver the water directly into plants landing zone directionally irrigating its root system. Such systems are mainly used for watering trees, shrubs, greenhouses and vegetable plants (for watering of flora, has a deep root system). The principle of placing watering equipment in such systems is that the water from the mains Watering drips (drip tapes) are placed along seat rows at a short distance from the trunk plants.

Fitting for underground (subsurface) Irrigation - watering system functionality which is similar to the drip irrigation. The main difference is that the porous tubes for irrigating laid under the ground and deliver water directly to the root system of plants.

Humidifiers for subsurface irrigation (tubes with round or slotted) are located at a depth of 20... 30 cm. The distance between two neighboring highways is 40... 90 cm (depending on the individual characteristics irrigated culture and the type of soil). The spacing between the holes of the humidifier is 20... 40 cm. subsurface irrigation system is problematic in terms of operation, so few dare to install it on your own site.

No matter which method you choose irrigation, automatic irrigation system design is based on the same principles. Significant differences are the same but using different elements for irrigation and that different types of systems have different operating pressure.

Thus, gravity-drip system can function even at a pressure of - 0.2 atm.

Bladimir (User FORUMHOUSE):

The first work on a very small pressure of from 0.2 to 0.8 atm. Roughly speaking, who do not have water supply to the site, you can connect to the tank or vat. However, the barrel should be raised by 1.5 - 2 meters.

The sprinkler installations, this figure is much higher (several atmospheres). And it depends on the characteristics of the equipment used.

Schematic diagram of the irrigation system

Basic elements of combination (having contours and rain drip irrigation) automatic irrigation installation shown in the diagram.

Such circuit operates as follows: Water from a source (via a pump or gravity) is delivered to areas irrigation by means of main piping diameter of 1 - 1 1/2 inches. watering zone equipped with tubes of small diameter (3/4 inch).

SergoDonbass (User FORUMHOUSE):

There ar portion 18 and the well in the ring-priyamochke (pump ibid). The system is made of polypropylene pipes 1 "and 3/4".

In addition to the source of the irrigation system it is recommended to include a storage tank. They may become darkened container having a volume of 2 m³ and higher (depending on the water flow under watering). Capacity is equipped with a float-filled sensor. If it is put in direct sunlight, it will perform a dual function: can store and heat water in a quantity sufficient for one irrigation. The reservoir is filled with tap water, well or wells. In order to prevent the growth of algae inside the storage tank, it is possible to darken the black film.

As the main source of water for the automatic watering system can not use natural reservoirs. Microorganisms and algae, which are contained in such water, quickly withdraw irrigation system out of action.

rainfed zone equipped rotor (dynamic) or fan-shaped (static) nozzles. In areas laid drip irrigation drip tape.

On one irrigation line should be installed sprayers only same type and model. Otherwise, there is no guarantee of their normal performance.

Electromagnetic valves installed in the water distribution block in a given time comprise a certain work irrigation circuit.

Opening and closing of electromagnetic valves is carried out by the controller (it is also called a computer programmer or irrigation) in accordance with a predetermined schedule. The programmer is usually installed next to the water distribution block. The pump starts pumping water into the system automatically (at the time of pressure drop in the line). A pressure drop as soon as the solenoid valve opens.

System to work smoothly, it fitted with filters that are installed directly into the main water supply.

Oasis (User FORUMHOUSE):

To avoid clogging the filters sprinklers must be installed disc filter inlet or, better, at the outlet of the tank.

Pump station indicated in the diagram, comprises a storage tank, the fine filter, reverse valve, the purge unit (for preservation systems in the winter), and a pump supplying water into the irrigation highway.

The figure shows the simplest configuration of the irrigation system. Depending on specific requirements, the system may be equipped with additional elements, some devices and (E.g., main pump, a rain sensor, a purge assembly, solenoid valves and the like. D.), Conversely, may absent.

Creating an automatic watering system, we will have to perform several required steps.

Oasis (User FORUMHOUSE):

I would like to inform about the steps that we have done to achieve the goal:

Draw a detailed plan of the site with all the existing objects.

The selection and placement of sprinklers in the drawing.

Ungrouping sprinklers in the zones (Zone - a territory controlled by a valve).

Calculation of hydraulics and pump selection.

Calculation of the cross section and determining pipe pressure losses in the system.

Purchase accessories.

Installation of the system.

Paragraphs 3-5 are performed in parallel, as it were, since a change in a parameter leads to the need to change the others. For example, if the sprinklers in one area becomes larger, a more powerful pump, and this in turn leads to an increase in cross-section of pipes.

We consider these steps in more detail.

plan area

site plan, we need to chart placement watering equipment.

The plan is drawn to scale. It should be designated irrigation areas, water source, as well as freestanding plants (such as trees), which is planned to irrigate.

The development of auto-irrigation schemes

When the site plan is ready, it can be drawn route trunk pipelines. If you plan to create a zone of rain watering, then scheme is necessary to designate the place sprinkler installation, as well as their range.

If the area will be created zone drip irrigation, it is also the line should be marked on the general scheme.

If the distance between the rows of plants irrigated by drip, more than 40 cm, then each number is necessary to conduct a separate irrigation line. If said distance is smaller, the watering can be arranged between the rows (to save pipes and intravenous).

calculation system

Draw a detailed diagram watering can determine the length of the pipeline and to calculate the exact number of irrigation points (the number of sprinklers and drippers).

With regard to the calculation of the pipe section, as well as determining the amount of the storage tank and pumping equipment power, in this regard, all very ambiguous. To carry out correct calculation you need to know the rate of watering all the plants planted on the site. In this case, the basis for the calculations must take the theoretical knowledge of fluid dynamics, and this issue requires a separate study. Therefore, in order to avoid errors, it is better to use the services of appropriate specialists or representatives of the company that sells accessories for automatic watering systems. They will be able to pick up the equipment and system components that fit exactly to your site.

If you want to do everything for you, a simple solution to the problem concerning the calculation of the irrigation system, offer users of our portal.

konstantin (User FORUMHOUSE):

Make it so that all would be watered just enough. Each polivalki Set the water flow rate. Adding the consumption of all polivalok, you get the total consumption. Next, the pump is selected, where the total flow is in a head of 3-4 atm. It turns out the so-called "Operating point".

The whole train of thought is correct. Only in the calculation should take into account the height of rise of water and fluid resistance force arising when water flows through the pipes, as well as it passes through the branching (with large diameter less). If the irrigation system is a combined (with sprinkler and drip loop), the error in the calculations can lead to unpleasant consequences.

Liss1970 (User FORUMHOUSE):

From the "hard-won little things": everything is always determined by the debit wells (water supply) and the pressure in the supply hose! No pressure - do not operate the sprinklers, too much pressure - tears trickling hose.

However, this problem is easily solved by installing the reducer at the inlet of the drip line. Reducer to reduce the operating pressure in the drip loop to 1.5... 2 bar. The line sprinkler irrigation will remain fully operational.

Drip irrigation line can not be connected to a common line leading from the pump if the storage tank is at a height capable of ensuring efficient watering.

If we are talking about a small drip irrigation system, then it is much easier to calculate. Especially because such a system, as we have said, can be operated without a pump.

257 (User FORUMHOUSE):

I should have 3 years a simple drip system: the steel bath (200 liters), and from the hoses are stretched with droppers. About 17 bushes cucumber in a greenhouse watered around the clock. The water is gravity.

installation of the pipeline

Since the construction of the system, first determine the optimal method of laying pipes. There are only two ways:

1. On the earth's surface - suitable for seasonal irrigation (for example, in the country). Such a method of laying pipes allows you to completely dismantle the system at the end of the irrigation season and protect it from the elements of the damage (or theft).
2. Under the ground - suitable for areas intended for permanent residence. Pipes in this case, laid at a depth of not less than 30 cm. This is to ensure that they can not be damaged tillers, cultivator or shovel.

ElektraIrina (User FORUMHOUSE):

I for my site I want to make the main pipe on the main track, and from it, sprinkler hoses - in the side. To the winter they can be collected and sent for storage, and then the fall and spring calm to plow motor-block.

Trenching carry on a pre-designed pattern. If the main line passes through the already growing a lawn, along the trenches of the future should be to lay the cellophane, which will excavate.

Or about which option offers one of FORUMHOUSE users

Naoumov (User FORUMHOUSE):

Burying one bayonet spade. With three edges stick a shovel, and then the cube of grass with ground lift, lay pipes and close the back. The effect is stunning. A week later, after the rain, as if nothing had happened! A tube is already lying - nice to look at.

As for materials, the wiring avtopolivom often assembled from plastic pipes. They do not corrode, have low internal resistance and is easily assembled. Ideally, the use of pipes of high density polyethylene (HDPE). They are resistant to UV light and can be joined by means of threaded compression fittings. This is unlike their advantageous polypropylene pipes which are connected by welding. Indeed, in the case of a polypropylene-based system crash performance is difficult to recover.

By the way, if the elements of the system are not hidden under the earth, the threads on HDPE pipes at the end of the watering season, you can quickly disassemble and remove all accessories for the winter.

It is important to make sure that the equipment is placed under, was able to move without damaging frosts.

In order for the auto-irrigation system could hibernate "without shocks", its lowest point organize water discharge. For these purposes can be used for water discharge valves, which are triggered by lowering the pressure in the system below a certain value. After actuation valve from the system the water is removed by gravity. If the system has multiple circuits watering, then it is advisable to set the valves on all supply lines. If the lowest point there (if the flat area) in the area, it is artificially created

SergoDonbass (User FORUMHOUSE):

I dig to a depth of freezing with a small slope. The lowest point - in the pit-pit. In winter, almost all the water must drain back.

The drain valve is better to establish not just in the "pit-pit", and in the well-furnished drainage.

Preserve the system for the winter helps to purge all its routes compressed air (operating pressure 6... 8 bar), which is carried out without removing the sprinklers and drippers. In addition, in all the irrigation systems, which are not intended to be dismantled for the winter, you should use cold-resistant equipment (eg sprinklers drain valves)

Naoumov (User FORUMHOUSE):

In each water outlet and Sprinkle have antizamerzayuschy valve, so here I am 5 years, how have never played off the water!

In winter, the water from the storage tank is drained, the filters are cleaned, and the pumps are dismantled and placed in storage in a warm room.

Mounting connections

All branches of the main pipelines, as well as peripheral connections, valves and tees should be placed in special hatches. Because these elements of the system are most problematic (usually leaks occur in rivets). If the location is known problem areas, and access to them is open, system maintenance becomes easier.

After all underground elements of the system are collected and stacked in its place, the system should be flushed. This will help remove debris that would interfere with the normal functioning of automatic watering.

In the next stage, the system can be connected to drip tape and sprinklers. As for the sprinklers, it is standard products, purchased in specialized shops. At the same time to create a drip loop, you can use ready-drip tape, but there are alternative - regular watering hoses, in which after a specified period are mounted droppers.

Pumping station with all its elements, block water distribution and programming - all these devices set in advance the planned site, which is supplied with electricity and water from the ground source.

Optional items avtopolivom system

In some cases, the main highway of the irrigation system it is advisable to equip the water outlets, allowing you to connect a hose for manual watering, car washing and other needs. Rain sensors and temperature will disable the system if irrigate inappropriate. All these devices are installed only on request.

If you are interested in creating their own automatic watering systemThen you can always get acquainted with the opinion of other users of our portal with practical experience in the construction of such systems. If you are interested in schemes and projects of automatic irrigation systems, Then there is a corresponding forum topic for you. Those who wish create their own hands drip or sprinkler simple system watering, we recommend that you visit the appropriate section FORUMHOUSE. also about advantages and features of drip irrigation systems you can learn from our video.