Gluing wood - technology and subtleties

Gluing wood has significantly expanded capabilities of domestic craftsmen. Existing technologies and the process of the subtleties.

Manufacture of furniture with his hands is gaining popularity and due to the high cost of finished products, and due to the large amount of raw materials that have appeared in the public domain. At home, with a minimum set of appropriate tools to collect real sustainable furniture that will properly serve and to please his views. One of the most popular ways is the connection of wood gluing, which allows to receive strong, monolithic piece. Bonding can be used as an independent hardware or as a backup, the application of external elements such as nageli, dowels or screws.

The essence of the process

Before gluing parts are processed, this is done not only to clean the surface, but also allows to open the pores of the wood. When applied adhesive composition permeates through the pores in the wood structure in the intercellular space, and during solidification forms a plurality finest filaments (webs) securely "stitching" together the workpiece. The strength of the seam properly exceeds the strength of the wood itself, when tested on a break piece breaks not in the place of gluing and of solid wood.

Bonding through get products with the best, than the massive, parameters. In the process of bonding selected suitable for the texture and shades elements discarded damaged, cracked and gnarled portions. As a result, the strength of the bonded parts is greater than the normal wood, and by sticking to the faces of the very thin veneer products attached form valuable species. Glued all the rules of the wood is much less warp, crack and rassyhaetsya than an array.

The glue boards. Technology

There are several methods of joining parts by gluing.

• Glued onto the smooth puffer - compound smooth parts without increasing the penetration area.

• Glued to microspikes - increase penetration area of ​​2.5 - 5 mm by creating on the toothed parts of the relief (via router).

• Gluing on serrated barb - increase penetration area of ​​10 mm by creating a gear stud.

• Glued to tongue and groove (tongue and groove, dovetail, tenon oblique) - extra grip through lock connection.

While in certain situations where the intended use of the special conditions, relevant groove and finger joints, in most cases parts are glued on the smooth fugu. Modern adhesives penetrate deep into the structure and create a strong seam without additional sample timber.

As glue boards together. Options

Are glued wood must have humidity indicator within 8 - 12% maximum - 18%. If there is a need to glue damp parts, use a special composition, in the process of curing it draws moisture out of wood. When gluing blanks with different humidity is not allowed drop more than 2% to avoid internal stresses in the glue line due to the deformation of the wetter parts. Temperature glued blanks ranges 15 - 20⁰S, so work can be performed in a warm room (18 - 22⁰S). In most cold formulations crystallized, which leads to deterioration of gluing and difficult process.

The final preparation timber (planing, planer, shaping nazhdachkoy) is carried out immediately prior to bonding to improve the permeability of the adhesive and to avoid warping. It is important not only to pick up details of size, structure and external data, but also to position them correctly.

• When gluing the length of strap used only one type of sawing - tangential or radial.
• When gluing, and the length and width are not allowed the alternation of different parts of the wood - the core is placed with the kernel, sapwood (young, extreme part) with sapwood.

• The annual rings of adjacent boards or preforms from bars should be directed in different directions or at an angle to each other from 15⁰.

Standard thickness furniture boards - 2 cm, but to glue wooden boards at home, when selecting Shield boards considered presumptive waste during processing, so the workpiece thickness is selected to 2.5 cm. Lishok comes off during primary treatment, while eliminating the defects and after gluing, for grinding shield. If dissolve board for furniture board is 5 cm thick are obtained two blanks with the same texture and shade that enhances the decorative articles. For boards of wood boards are chosen the same breed, a width of 120 mm to be able to efficiently handle panel edge length should discs have a reserve (2 - 5 cm).

adhesives

Adhesives used are divided into two main groups.

Synthetic - obtained on the basis of resins or polyvinyl acetate dispersion (PVA). They are characterized by increased strength resulting compound moisture resistance, biostability. The disadvantages include the presence of harmful substances which may be released into the environment during operation and further operation. This "glory" compositions based on phenol-formaldehyde resins. Modern PVA dispersions and their derivatives are non-toxic and are commonly used in the domestic sphere and are considered universal for wood. The bulk synthetic mixtures ready for use. Needs finishing epoxy adhesive, to work with him supplied hardener is mixed with an epoxy resin.

Natural mix - animal, vegetable and mineral. Safe, give a strong bond but produced as intermediates, which are prepared before use. When cooking you must strictly follow the instructions and comply with the dosage, otherwise the quality of the glue will not allow to get a strong connection. For the preparation of the adhesive is usually required to dissolve the concentrate powder with water to the desired consistency (it may take a certain period to swell) or melted solids. It is not allowed to direct flame is used "water bath" in which the mass with the addition of water after swelling is melted to a smooth consistency.

Gluing

When gluing wood surfaces the adhesive is applied to both parts a uniform layer. The layer thickness depends on the species of glue, its consistency and type of bonding surfaces - the thinner the timber, the thinner layer. Glue should dampen detail, but not excessively, should stand out even when connecting the roller elements. Glue stains removed from the surface as soon as the little tongs, scraper or spatula. Frozen excess glue spoils the appearance of parts and complicates their further processing.

After applying the adhesive parts maintained a certain period of time, this allows the composition to penetrate deeper simultaneously evaporate excess moisture concentration adhesives is increased. During the exposure is not allowed in the draft joint zavetrivanie or dusty conditions. Some species of natural glue (bone, hide) should be applied in hot form, instantly bonding parts without aging, as in process of cooling the composition loses its properties.

For maximum lasting compound when gluing wood is pressed - is compressed by means of special presses. At home, used for these purposes means at hand - vices, clamps, cam devices, the scope of the metal bracket with a clamping mechanism. The pressure during the pressing timber is maintained in the range of 0.2 to 1.2 MPa. In the production of large quantities may, in the home of such indicators, to design parts stuck together enough.

Subject gluing glue seam technology obtain durable and reliable, and unlike the method of joining metal parts fixture, does not spoil the appearance.

For fans create their own household items on FORUMHOUSE open topic of furniture for home and garden. How to organize a comfortable work area with a tree can be found in the article an arrangement of a carpentry workshop. In the video, of wooden elements in a country house showing the interesting items made by users of the portal.