Wiring in a wooden house. Assembly rules.

Light, heat, engineering work and household appliances - all tied to electricity. Therefore, the level of comfort is completely dependent on the uninterrupted and that is important - the safe operation of the power supply. Any defect or error made during installation of electrical equipment and wiring, can lead to tragic consequences - a fire or fires.

Particularly relevant topic for the correct wiring installation of wooden houses, as due to discrepancies in interpreting the SAE (Electrical Installations Regulations) and SP (set of rules) and the mass of confusion disputes. Therefore, in this article we will answer the following questions:

• What are the basic principles of installation of wiring in a wooden house.
• As mounted wiring in a wooden house in accordance with the rules of the EMP and the joint venture.
• Technical features of installation of hidden wiring.

Wire routing in a wooden house

Wood - a civil matter with a long history. From it build as small guest houses and houses a large area. With all the advantages of both log and frame houses, which are based on wooden racks, many believe that such buildings have an increased risk of fire. But overlooked one important point.

No matter from which the house is built - brick, concrete, timber or logs, primarily mild burns furniture, curtains, drapes, furnishings, appliances, etc. Those. - "filling" of the house, made of combustible materials.

The stone house wiring running from the switchboard to appliances mounted in fireproof material (the cable is laid in Stroebe, which then are sealed and plastered and etc.).

In this case the developer is faced with a difficult choice - wiring in a wooden house can be the outside, cable can be carried out inside the wooden walls or between studs.

How to run a cable in a wooden house.

Consider these ways to wiring in a wooden house. In the first case the wiring is in the mind that affects the detection rate of abnormal situation (cable overheating, etc.), in the second embodiment, it is hidden behind the fascia or wooden array. Accordingly, what is happening with the cable - is unclear. Hence the fears and doubts of the developer: "What if something goes wrong with the wiring? Lights up or not? ".

Practice shows that the "weak" place in power is not the cable itself (do not consider the case of gross violation of the installation, use the cable with understated section, which "Hanged" heavy load "twist" on the tape on the track, to splice the cable), and joints - terminal boxes, connections for consumers, ie sockets, switches, etc.

Modern power cables, with the abbreviation VVGng etc., Do not support combustion.

Constantly there is debate, where it is safe to conduct cable - inside or outside the walls, is it permissible to open the wiring in a wooden house. It is believed that if the lay wiring through the wall, this will give us time to see and react to an emergency situation and make the right decision on how to proceed. Extinguish the fire or to evacuate.

Simply put, the smell of smoke at once, rather than later when the flames had already spread to the structural elements. If your mounted wiring in the wall, even in a steel pipe, the fire is too can not save.

semik (User FORUMHOUSE):

I refer to my experience and the experience of firefighters in emergency gang electrician. Steel pipes longer needed for the mechanical protection of the wiring from the "fool" rat teeth that can chew through even the metal hose and damage the cable. More than once I saw the steel pipe with shutting inside wiring, red-hot. Should this occur in a wooden wall and a fire is imminent.

According to the user said, the first thing you should consider when installing wiring - is literate calculation of the cable cross-sections and a selection of electrical equipment to protect. That is, figuratively speaking, it makes no sense to put the circuit breaker 100 A per wire cross section of 0.75 sq. mm with the distance to the consumer in kilometer.

Hence - the safety of electrical network - is a balanced system, where every element, from the breakers and ending section and length of the cable, as well as end-user, matched to each other. Hope that holding out the cable through a metal pipe in a conventional wooden wall, we have to protect themselves from fire - misleading. cable routing rules in a wooden house - something quite vague until we decided to only part of a complex problem, which will be discussed below.

PUE and SP: Wiring regulations and rules in the wooden frame houses and

Once again, we are left outside the scope of this article, the outer wiring in the cable channels. Also, we do not consider the so-called retro wiring. This option both in design and in the financial component is not for everyone.

Therefore, we set the task - it is necessary to mount the hidden wiring or in a wooden frame house in a safe and regulated manner.

Which wire used for a wooden house

It seems that everything is simple - it is necessary to open a SEP (seventh edition of 08.07.2002) and to read the paragraph 7.1.38, which states:

Electrical networks, laid before impassable for suspended ceilings and partitions, are considered as hidden wiring and should be performed: for ceilings and in the cavities of walls made of flammable materials in metal pipes, having the ability to localization, And in closed boxes; for ceilings and partitions of noncombustible material - are made of non-combustible materials pipes and conduits and cables are flame retardant. It shall be possible to replace wires or cables.

Now open the document for karkasostroiteley, namely SP 31-105-2002 "Design and construction of energy-efficient single-family houses with wooden frame." Read paragraph 13.5.1:

Wiring must arrange by passing cables (Wires in a protective sheath) through the voids or spaces filled with insulation inside the walls and floors of the house, and through holes in the wooden frame elements of walls and ceilings. skip of cables and wires through the construction of the house allowed to organize without sleeves and tubes.

And paragraph 13.5.2:

for wirings They should be used insulated wires in protective enclosures or a jacketed cable of materials flame-retardant.

• Cable - two or more insulated conductors, united together and covered with insulation.

• Wire - is solid or stranded having or not having a conductor insulation.

Respectively due to discrepancies with the SAE SP and blurred language in PUE, the question appears many users - how to mount the wiring for flammable materials. As prescribed in the EMP - paving it in a steel pipe. Or as it is written in the joint venture - using cable, flame retardant, without additional protective shells. On this basis, there is a lot of debate.

Vitalik1985 (User FORUMHOUSE):

I think that the cabling in steel pipes — this redundant solution. The likelihood that the cable will strike - tiny, fires often occur due to sparks at the outlet. It is better to pay more attention to the protection of machines, connections, terminal boxes, circuit breakers, etc.

Danil117 (User FORUMHOUSE):

We should make sure to exclude the possibility of ignition wire. Choosing the right cable size, we select quality machines. Ie, we do not expect that the steel pipe - this is a panacea against fire and fire.

Also consider and opposing views.

Sollara (User FORUMHOUSE):

I think that wires for a wooden house should be a metal pipe having localization ability. If the wire is lit, he burned inside. If it is short circuit, arc not prozhzhot pipe. Metal terminal boxes set, connected with the pipe.

It is also interesting to view the portal user with the nickname Kostya Ivanov.

Kostya Ivanov (Member FORUMHOUSE):

Laying cable in a metal tube, we solve two problems: protecting the cable from possible mechanical damage and protect the wood from possible cable fire.

And the first point is a key issue with regard to our conditions of construction. Workers can by mounting drywall or something drilling, pierce unprotected cable screws and nail. insulation of the cable may damage the sharp edge of the metal profile. The cable can gnaw (as an option) a rat or mouse. Furthermore, accumulation of wood dust with spark or insulation breakdown may lead to rapid flame spread inside walls.

It seems that such a decision is redundant, but this way we protect the cable from force majeure circumstances, including common situation: "forgot where in the wall there is a cable hung a shelf / picture and I hurt him. "

Although, in order to avoid such situations, as the cable is laid not have, but by strictly set and marked cable routing, if necessary, taking photos with the attached tape.

whether flute permissible for wiring in a wooden house

From the foregoing it is clear that some users FORUMHOUSE believes that electric cable in wooden houses,with concealed wiringshould keep only in metal pipes. We stress — namely in steel tubesRather than in metal, plastic or steel self-extinguishing corrugation corrugated pipe.

Corrugated wire in a wooden house with hidden wiring is not necessary! Arc fault (short circuit) burns steel corrugated pipe, the corrugation and the plastic, due to embrittlement will not save wiring from mechanical damage.

 Others believe that it is in the wooden house metal pipe for wiring redundant and are based on overseas experience, it is allowing the cable to a log. In the classical framework of the North American technology electric cable is pulled directly through the wooden rack in drilled holes technology, without corrugations, metal pipes, etc.

In the "Finnish" carcass embodiment the electric cable is usually pulled in the inner layer incorporated in kontrutepleniya wooden kontrobreshetke.

It seems that technology is available to repeat, because it has passed the test of time, but as you know, the essence is in the details.

"Overseas" is necessarily grounded, with double - one goes to the street line on the shield, second - independent, or connected to the copper pins driven into the ground or to the center tap pipe. Plus there is a tire "zero", and each line and the appliance (sockets, lamp etc.) has its own independent grounding.

Roracotta (Member FORUMHOUSE):

The house is under the ground to counter suits 4 thick cable. Earth, zero and two phases. In addition to this earth cable itself center the shield and the counter must be grounded or earthed separate copper pipe when entering a house, or two 16 mm copper pins to 2 meters long, or a special copper plate buried in the ground to a depth of approximately m.

In trohzhilnom "overseas" copper wire - "earth", it goes without braiding. This permits operation of the RCD at the slightest damage to the wire insulation "zero" and "phase" all along the route. While in our country, the ground wire is insulated and protects end users only.

Roracotta (Member FORUMHOUSE):

Canada introduced a rule - all the lines that feed the sleeping rooms should be equipped with special guns sensitive spark overshoot on the consumer (plug, outlet, etc.). If somewhere a spark jumps, machine beats. It's expensive, but it should be done.

And this is only part of the nuances of the electrical safety. Determined to keep the cable in steel pipe in houses built of timber, remember that over time the wood shrinks. Moreover, depending on the humidity of the starting material, this quantity can be substantial. So - it is necessary to think in advance how to provide the necessary progress / independence of the steel pipe with a cable to her after 2-3 years is not "frozen" beam.

The steel pipe, condensation may occur and the moisture due to the slope of the road can get into the socket or terminal boxes. Another "headache" - how to track in wooden houses a large area. It is one thing to lay the steel pipe in a wooden cottage in the 100-150 square meters. m, but is quite different in complexity challenge - in the homes of 300-500 square meters. m. In addition to increasing budgets, special demands are made to the training of workers involved in electrical installation in steel pipes.

Therefore, an interesting example of the practical implementation of the wiring cables in metal tubes.

Kostya Ivanov (Member FORUMHOUSE):

I wiring mounted in a wooden ceiling of the attic floor, a square steel pipe 15x15 mm, cable VVGng 3h2.5 section. Turns and cuttings - metal hose of 20 mm diameter, it is pushed over the well pipe.

Wiring in the house made of logs

Also interesting is the wiring in a wooden house, vypolnennyypolzovatelem with the nickname Serg177. For this he bought 15x15 mm tube length of 300 meters and a metal corrugation diameter of 2 cm, and the brackets (which are used for fixing the corrugations in diameter 1.5 cm) for fixing the pipe on the wall. Next we carry out the wiring, without forgetting pipe pre clean edge by deburring!

If you do not, you can cut through the insulation of the cable.

What happened in the end and how the wire through the board, show photos.

Which cable is best for a wooden house

Next photo report provided MrPie. This is the frame house.

MrPie (Member FORUMHOUSE):

I took the cable VVGng-FRLS (flame-retardant). Let its corrugation in the metal. After all combustible construction missed in the water pipe. Further, before the final finishing, where the cables pass, I fasten the metal profile and sew his plasterboard.

In addition, the wire section and matched protective equipment was calculated. Lines were without twists / compounds and raspaechnyh boxes, cables lumpy the shield with a gun to the consumer.

Summarizing

The use of a particular method of wiring must be based on the principle of adequacy and of common sense, without overly complicating the system where it can be avoided. Posting on the wooden walls must be installed according to the following memo:

• Wire size and parameters of protective equipment must comply with the end-user capacity.
• Cable buy from well-known and well-reputed manufacturer. By purchasing a "pig in a poke", we risk to buy a cable with a cross-section understated.
• We use quality Automatic protection against manufacturers' name. " Savings on protective automation can go sideways - at the right moment, it may simply not work.
• No "twists", wrapped with insulating tape, unattended self-made connections, "immured" in a wall. Wherever possible: raspaechnyh minimize the amount of boxes, one tried to carry out a wire from the circuit breaker to the end user.

Find all the necessary information on the electrics in the section on FORUMHOUSE "Electrical wiring". Also, be sure to check the topic: Cabling options for various building designs and how to mount the wiring hidden in the woodenand in frame house.

From the article can be found, how to mount an electrician in the bathAnd this submission explains how to enter the electricity in the house.

In addition, on our portal there are detailed instructions for electrical connection to the area and country house.

And in the video is shown, how to carry out the electrics in the apartment.