The drainage system in the area: the nuances of selection and installation

With the arrival of spring, many suburban residents are faced with the problem of flooding areas and basements. Our portal has in detail told about especially foundation and drainage system portionand how to prevent basement zataplivanie. In today's article we will look at features of selection and installation of drainage wells.

What a well for drain select: species

Drain well - an element of a drainage system, intended for its normal functioning, as well as monitoring and cleaning of drainage pipes. In the presence of water-absorbing soil it is used as a filtering and absorption wells. Or (if the primers have poor water absorption) is the intake chamber. Based on this definition, the drainage wells may be divided into the following types:

• Rotary and inspection;
• Absorption (filter);
• Water inlet (cumulative).

Let us consider each type in more detail.

rotary shafts set in the field rotation drains (drains). It may be an angle foundation, elevation changes, convergence node or several drains places most prone to clogging. Across 

manhole Drainage carried out a visual inspection and subsequent access to clean drains. And those and others are provided with a sealed bottom and a lid.

Size wells is chosen so that if necessary, could carry drainage water washing under pressure of the pressure. The diameter of such devices ≈ from 300 to 500 mm. If it is assumed that access to the system in the drainage well to go down a man, the diameter increases up to 1 meter or more.

The optimal distance between manholes on straight sections - 40 m, the maximum distance - 50 meters. By turning the drains have protrusions buildings manhole can not do, if the distance from the pivot to the nearest manhole in the construction of not more than 20 meters. If the section between manholes drainage pipes make a few turns, then they are assembled through 1 turn.

The choice of the filter (the absorption) of the well It is caused by the type of soil on the site. Purpose of this construction the name implies - water received by the drain of it is collected in the receiver, filtered (through a bed of crushed stone and the like) and through special holes or, if the well does not bottom out in the underlying soil layers. Those. primer should possess sufficient water-absorbing capability, to handle the volume of water entering the well. Thus soil can be coarse sand. Otherwise, in the presence of water pressure, water entered into a well, will not be able to go into the ground, and it is crowded with time.

Cumulative sealed wells used in areas with a high groundwater level, clayey soil and the soil without having high water absorption capacity. And in areas with deep water inlet layers doburitsya to whom and to arrange a vertical drainage is economically disadvantageous.

To the extent that water collected by the drain pump is pumped and discharged for the border portion to a nearby ditch or used for irrigation.

Therefore, before you build the drainage, it is necessary to produce a hydrogeological study of soil and determine its composition and the ability of water absorption. Without these data, drainage construction - the construction blindly, without understanding the essence of the processes occurring in the soil.

Alex_UUU (User FORUMHOUSE):

In my opinion, before the count and build drainage, it is necessary to find out what your soil, and you know how much water you will need to take. It's one thing if the high water table area, and clay, and quite another thing, if the groundwater level is low and the soil - sand.

sevenstreams (User FORUMHOUSE):

We should not think that the greater the amount of drainage wells and the deeper it is, the better. Any amount (at least 10 rings), if the water nowhere to "go", very quickly filled. And vice versa - the two rings can be buried under the drainage well and divert water therefrom by gravity or a pump, and drainage will work.

The simplest way to "by eye" to check the capacity of the soil to water absorption - dig on the site of his hands and a shovel a shallow hole, pour water into it and see how fast it will go. If the water goes slowly or does not go away, you should think about where it is going to go away, if you build a filter drain well. Attempting to "dig" plenum to the bed, without knowledge of the geology of a particular area it may be doomed to failure.

Jgaz66 (User FORUMHOUSE):

It was necessary to make a drainage area on the complex under a heavy house. Perched, primer, slope at 11 degrees - a full set of complexities. I think to make a vertical drainage and drilling the well to rubble. It is approximately 30 meters. You'd have to install casing pipes, filters, make dumping granite rubble, etc. Total Calculated happened that you need to drill 3 wells on 20 linear meters. And... in the end the customer refused such drainage. Too expensive.

And the water and the area (sinks) might be quite different, with different levels of abundance. This - surface water - livnovka derivative of rain and snow melt, perched - one type of underground water, etc. Those. drainage - is not simply divert water. It is necessary to know what kind of water you need to take.

What do drain well and how to mount the drainage system

This is a question often asked by novice developers. The construction market in Moscow and other cities offer two main options - buy a ready drain well of plastic or make drainage well from RC rings. Both options have both pluses and minuses.

sys2007 (User FORUMHOUSE):

I planned to make the drainage around the house. GWT - 0.5-0.7 meters. Of drainage wells pump water will be pumped into the ditch. Think how to drain well, and some - with or without a bottom.

In this case, as a drainage well, you can use the RC ring sealed bottom. Rotary and manholes - alternatively, plastic, too, with a sealed bottom. Diameter - about 40 cm. Slop part in all wells - not less than 30 cm.

With a high water table problem may be the installation of concrete manhole bases since when digging water quickly arrives and floods and trenches for drains and the place where digging a pit under the ring. In this case, you must first perform dewatering. For this purpose, in the course of the road, and drainage systems made digging pits, from which the water is forcibly evacuated. After that, the installation of drainage wells and laying drains.

Holes drainage pipe in the concrete ring can be cut without using a special bit.

How to build a drainage well

Also, our users are doing home-made monolithic concrete rings.

Dmitri Nazarov (User FORUMHOUSE):

We make such a ring, and even put the matter on the flow. Rings - about 0.5 meters in diameter and more. The cost price - a bag of cement + work and the cost of home-made removable formwork.

For the manufacture of such rings need flat area, a piece of sheet metal 2 is not less than 0.8 mm thickness (the same width but different dynes). The wire reinforcement (steel mesh can be used), to mixer samomesnogo concrete preparation and simple device for fixing the formwork.

Dmitri Nazarov (User FORUMHOUSE):

concrete structure - 1 to 3, a bucket of cement to 3 buckets of sand without rubble. Here, everyone decides and selects the recipe. Knowing the diameter of the ring can be calculated circumferential length. The wall thickness of the ring - approximately 100 mm. Knowing this parameter, it is possible to calculate the length of the outer circumferential side of the product.

It is also important to make a very draining.

Eugene (User FORUMHOUSE):

I have a site with high groundwater level. Sometimes even marshy soil. It is necessary to make a drainage. I think the lowest point area to bury the concrete rings from 6-7 down, and all drains to reduce it. Pipes will drain pipe and from the foundation of the house and will bend around the bath portion. This will allow me to capture all the water. Water accumulated in the drain pit will be pumped into the gutter drain pump. I doubt that I correctly thought of everything.

According to the user FORUMHOUSE to Yevgeny Muravyov (forum name Evan) - this scheme is the classic radial drainage. For the calculation of this type drain should be noted that the drains of emplacement depth depends on the type of underground structures from which removed soil water + Kf (Kf - filter coefficient, it characterizes the soil permeability) + type and level of groundwater and water pressure.

Next, we add to the lowest level pipe member of the central drainage well accumulator, for regulating the penetration of the bottom of the pump capacity. From this we can calculate how many need rings. The length of each beam drains - up to 40 meters. At the end of each beam bury sealed chamber for washing out concrete ring or the like Gradients - drop marks kept within 0.005 (40 m x 0.005 m = 0.2 at the bottom). Drains conclude in a two- or three-layer sprinkled - the so-called inverse filter. Such dusting, depending on the soil composition, may be formed of crushed granite (the estimated fraction) and a coarse sand on the principle that we maintain a consistent transition fractions from the tube (the largest) to fraction (finer) to be dried ground.

When drainage device should be remembered that a traditional geotextiles (HT) into which the tube is wrapped with gravel and which is put on the tube, is not back-flow filter element. This is a necessary measure required to separate the layers. Those. GT is needed to prevent mixing of the layers, which allows us to simplify the selection of a reverse filter components because of the paucity of choice fractions (gravel, sand), represented in the construction market.

The right way to do the opposite filter such material is not needed. Moreover, the use of the drainage pipe wrapped in geotextile justified on clean water saturated gravel and coarse sand and fractured rock watered soils without clay content particles. On clay, loamy soils HT on the pipe may eventually silted (kolmatirovatsya) that displays the drainage of the system and lead to the necessity of remaking it.

Also for devices drainage wells are often used plastic pipes with large diameter pipes to connect the drains.

Drain well pipe has a number of advantages, among which are the low weight, long life, a large number of connecting elements, speed and ease of installation. The main drawback - the high price. Therefore, everyone decides for himself what to choose.

Jheka (User FORUMHOUSE):

Made drainage and would like to talk about wells for drainage plastic. The openings in the well beneath the sleeve, under the drainage pipes do so - Drill a hole, and then cut a fret saw a circle of 110 mm.

Another "secret": the cover (bottom and top) reversed the user, because the inner surface of the cover intended for top - flat, and the bottom has reinforcement ribs. If the structure will have to be cleaned, then collect the sand with such a surface will be more difficult. And the design of the "hatch" attractive.

In the subject FORUMHOUSE our users can read, independently determine the level of groundwater Location on. It will also be useful to know, how to make a vertical drainageAnd familiarize yourself with a great Photo report on drainage. In this video tells how how to make waterproofing the basement. And from this a movie you can learn about all nuances drainage device.