Connection cables and wires

When wiring becomes necessary in electrical communication to provide reliable and durable electrical contact to the circuit resistance, mechanical strength.

Sealed connections are made by soldering, welding, compressing; collapsible (without detachable) - contraction yell bolts, screw terminals, pin terminals.

The connections and branches cables securely isolated, they usually do not have to be subjected to the operation of stretching and must be available for inspection and repair. Connected portions, and the branch wires are placed in the respective boxes with lid.

Connection terminal clamps.

Such terminals in the power of simplicity and easy to use, widely used for connection of wires to the sockets, switches to electrical current carrying elements, for the connection and branching of cables in wiring.

Screw terminals for single-wire stranded aluminum and copper conductors are provided with a shaped washer or washer-star, preventing extrusion of strands from the attachment, and aluminum conductors - and a split spring washer (engraver) providing permanent pressure on the vein.

Steel parts and parts for connecting aluminum wires should have anticorrosive plating. Since the end of the wire being prepared for bending in the ring, the insulation is cut at a length equal to three diameters of the screw plus 2-3mm. To separate the wire stranded conductor did not disperse, they wove into tight flagellum. Cores sanded with fine sandpaper, lubricated with petroleum jelly. Round cores prepared end (or pliers on a circular mandrel), is bent into a ring with a hole diameter corresponding to the screw. Bending ring on screw clamps should be directed clockwise.

Clamping screw or nut is tightened to complete the compression of the spring washer is compressed and, in about half a turn.

Most products designed for mounting a screw plug-type connection, in which the straight end of the conductor is inserted into the terminal without forming a ring. In lamps with fluorescent lamps with the wiring rounds lamps and the starters are in the form of screw clamps without - resilient plates of stainless bronze.

An attempt to pull the wire out of the clip may break the clamp. To release wire, a clip is inserted a thin screwdriver or steel needle that will press and release the spring wire.

The threaded cartridges for incandescent lamps Cartridges for fluorescent lamps and starters and walk-through built-in small-sized switches terminals for connection of only copper wires.

Compound soldered wires.

This connection provides a durable contact with excellent conductivity. For compounds undergoing mechanical impact or heat, solder does not apply.

For soldering and tinning lived commonly used tin-lead. The numbers correspond to the tin content percentage (by weight). The temperature of melting of the solder 255 ° C and 234 ° C respectively. As the flux for soldering and tinning, copper conductors are used rosin, which can be conveniently used as a 20% alcohol solution (by volume). The flux is applied to the brush core.

Before soldering wires cleaned with fine emery cloth to shine, tinned and secured together.

Connection type is selected depending on the core material, its cross-section and others.

When brazing aluminum conductors rational twisted groove in which a layer of molten solder easier to protect wires from the oxide film. Bandage twisting convenient for living large cross sections which twist with each other hard. In the latter case it is convenient to use and combination bandage twisted to form a groove. For the band takes the copper wire diameter 0,6-1,5mm, but not greater than the diameter of solderable lived. Bandage tinned wire as prepared for soldering each conductor, individually.

Pike one twist solder will need more than the ability to deliver soldering tip. Therefore, the solder tip sticks tray directly soldering the soldering bit, heats the twisting, the solder is melted, it flows into the twisting. The amounts of solder will be sufficient if it envelops twisting so that the twisting turns of the bandage or viewed from beneath the solder layer.

After soldering, rosin residues are removed with a cotton swab dipped in acetone. Oxide film prevents brazing aluminum conductors, it is necessary to destroy during soldering.

Pre-tinning facilitates the soldering of aluminum conductors. It is conducted by molten solder under a layer of oil or sewing molten rosin with the addition to the melt of steel filings. Sawdust soldering tip under pressure, "rubbed" core, destroying the film, providing good tinning. Pre-stripping of aluminum wires with emery paper, grease-lubricated with petroleum jelly, also facilitates tinning: petrolatum, remaining on the conductor, insulate the bare space of oxygen. Solder tinned conductors are similar to soldering copper wires.

Compound wire welding.

Although welding passes without splashes and droplets of molten metal, for reassurance it should be carried out with gloves (better leather) and a goggles-filters. On the floor is necessary to put a sheet of asbestos, hardboard or plywood.

Useful pre-master the technology of the process on the segments unnecessary wires with a carbon electrode is first necessary to burn (preferably outdoors).

The simplest method for welding aluminum conductors up to 10 mm2 of copper and - up to 4 mm2 - contact heating of their ends a carbon electrode to form a molten bead.

Heating occurs at the point of contact of the electrode and the conductor. The ends of the welded conductors, and an electrode connected to the secondary winding of the transformer capacity of at least 0,5kVA and the output voltage 6-10V.

With the wires to be welded, carefully cut the insulation on the length of 40-50 mm, sanded wire sandpaper to shine and rolled weld. Before welding to the hole of the carbon electrode is lowered and poured flux twisting wires, pressing them to the electrode. Under a layer of the melted flux wire ends are melted and fused into a ball. Remember that divert from the core of the electrode is possible only after cooling (solidification) junction.

After welding, the flux compound is purified by a steel brush, varnish and isolated.