How to make high-quality floor base: the choice of systems and technologies

Screed - an integral part of the floor structure, a leveling layer for floor covering. The quality and reliability of the screed depends largely on longevity and performance of PVC and carpeting, tiles, parquet, laminate floors and other polymeric materials used to finish finish.

In this part of the tutorial we will discuss how to make the tie and to avoid errors in her fabrication.

We will respond to the following questions:

• How to make a tie with no cracks and stratifications.
• What materials and additives to be used in the manufacture of ties.
• How to properly care for the freshly laid screed.

Nuances and characteristics of manufacturing ties

When preparing a base for laying a floor covering can be used various technologies. If the room is assumed to considerable mechanical load (e.g., at work), it usually is a base plate for laying surface finish. If the load is small (the floor in the living room), or the surface quality does not meet the necessary requirements, it is performed further alignment. Those. - made screed.

Piotr Smirnov (Engineer Product SIKA Company):

The availability of modern materials and technologies can improve the quality of work, to increase the speed of installation and, ultimately, reducing the cost to produce the design with the best characteristics.

One of the main requirements for the screed - the evenness of its surface. Modern flooring - ceramic tile, laminate, engineered timber, linoleum - will last a long time and look great only when they are laying on the surface with the correct geometry. Cracks, cracks, significant elevation will reduce the performance of the final coating, causing a further need for costly repairs.

In accordance with the SNP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishes" lumen (not more than two locations) between the control a two-meter rack and covering for the surface of the laying of linoleum, tiles, parquet, laminates, polymeric self-leveling floors do not have to exceed 2 mm.

In the manufacture of screed each stage is important, from the choice of material and finishing compliance mounting technology.

The main cause of cracks in the screed and Solutions

Piotr Smirnov:

Practice shows that often problems with device-cement screed (so-called "wet type") arise because an overabundance mixing water, which is added to the solution to make it more mobility and to increase the time of his life in the process stacking.

As a result of violation of water-cement ratio mixture (B / D), plate has low strength, increases the likelihood of crack formation, plate strength and gaining long drying. As a result, prolongs finishing work, but because of possible subsequent repair screed construction exceeded estimates.

This can be avoided by adding a special solution supplementsWhich increase mobility mixture increased operating time with a solution, reduce the likelihood of cracking and substantially reduce the initial curing and drying screed.

In addition, special additives make it possible to extend the construction season and to make quality tie in low temperature conditions or when there is no heating in the facility.

With the introduction of such additives is greatly reduced amount of mixing water required to start the process of chemical reaction in the cement-sand mixture (hydration).

The use of these additives requires strict compliance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

The required thickness of the screed layer, and methods for its reinforcement

Among builders are of the opinion that the reinforcement of ties does not require highly skilled workers, and the work can be done by simply placing the base on a metal grid. Such an approach is incorrect and dangerous. Cracks in the coupler can be formed even in the case where the reinforcing mesh used. Technology reinforcement ties depends on its thickness and the further operating conditions.

Piotr Smirnov:

Reinforcing ties performed during its thickness not less than 40-50 mm. The protective layer between the surface and the mesh should be at least 20 mm. Accordingly, considering the thickness of the mesh and the thickness of the protective layer on both sides, errors in mesh packing, reinforcement ties metal mesh is advisable to do it at a thickness of 50 mm.

A key condition for the work of reinforcement in the screed is the location of the grid. The mesh should be in the interior design, and not just lying on the ground. To ensure the required distance grid is laid on special supports, for example made of mortar or plastic. When assembling the water system "warm floor" screed thickness should be 45 mm larger diameter pipes.

At thicknesses screed to 40 mm and more reliable three-dimensional reinforcement device for better use of the reinforcing fibrovoloknoWhich is added to the dry mixture.

In the manufacture of the base cement-sand mortar of small thickness - 20-40 mm, it is necessary to provide them to work together with a base. Simply put, you need to stick tie. For such purposes, a mixture of cement and sand in 1: 1 ratio with the addition of special Additives based latex.

On wetted surface is applied an adhesive base solution and once laid the leveling screed. This method is called the "wet on wet".

Before laying the screed, the base surface must be cleaned of debris, de-dusted and if there crack repair their cement-sand mortar or epoxy resin, if required structural repairs (gluing).

If the screed is poured waterproofing or separation layer of polyethylene film, then around the perimeter of the room rolled material must be wrapped on the walls.

The primer and adhesive layers

Often ready mixes are used to prepare the base. The composition of such materials has made all the necessary special additives and mixing water amount strictly calculated. But such mixture at a small thickness of the filling layer must be laid on the adhesive layer.

Piotr Smirnov:

In the manufacture of couplers is difficult to achieve such flatness that met the requirements for the finish. To obtain high-quality finished surface applyself-leveling mixture.

The same mixture can be used not only for finishing alignment, but at the same time, and to create a thin layer leveling screed with the required surface quality.

Such mixtures should be applied to the sanded, dust-free and primed surface. The primer layer is required to improve adhesion with the base, as well as to reduce absorption of the surface. The solution is well spread out and does not dry before the date set their strength. Special care for such bases are not needed. But on the first day in the room should be no drafts, direct sunlight and excessive warming of the room.

Care screed

In the manufacture of concrete and sand-cement screeds, whether used in their manufacture of special supplements or not, are required to provide proper care for the freshly laid tie.

To retain moisture and prevent its rapid evaporation from the surface of the screed need to cover with plastic wrap or put on a special surface Water-dispersed solutionsWhich in the course of drying to form a film to retain moisture.

As a result, the process of curing and substrate shrinkage occurs uniformly over the entire thickness, without causing significant internal stresses and, as a result, the screed does not form cracks. Before laying surface finishes resulting surface should always grind and thoroughly vacuumed to remove dust.

Adhering to these recommendations, you can get high-quality and reliable screed without cracking and peeling from the base.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

Subscribe to the channel so as not to miss the next release!