Wall of a frame house: sequence of layers; materials; installation requirements Part 1

The wall of a frame house is a complex and technological element, which consists of several layers arranged in a strict sequence. It is this factor that allows a relatively thin wall to have high thermal insulation and strength characteristics. What the cake of the wall of a frame house consists of and in what sequence are the materials - read on.

The principle of the cake wall frame house

Wall construction by layers:

1. The frame of the house, firmly standing on the foundation, is covered with sheathing material (outer sheathing).
2. The cladding material is covered with waterproofing (hydro-wind protection).
3. A crate is mounted on top of the waterproofing, on which the facade finish is subsequently attached.
4. Inside, on the other side of the cladding material, insulation is laid between the frame posts.
5. The insulation is covered with a layer of vapor barrier.
6. Further, a layer of inner wall cladding is mounted on the frame on top of the vapor barrier. Internal cladding is the basis for finishing work.

Thus, from the layers, a pie of the frame wall is obtained. But this is a basic technology that may differ depending on customer requirements and climatic conditions. For Russia, the thickness of the wall with the insulation and finishing done varies from 150 to 200 mm.

What materials are used in the walls of the frame

Certain requirements are imposed on the materials of the walls of a frame house. This is necessary for the house to be warm and have sufficient strength characteristics.

Outer sheathing

OSB-3 board. It is a moisture resistant oriented strand board with increased rigidity. The material is not expensive, easily processed, suitable for all types of fasteners, resistant to splitting, does not deform, does not delaminate, resistant to weathering. The disadvantages of OSB-3 include: low vapor permeability; fire hazard; toxicity (the material contains synthetic resins).

Fiberboard for exterior cladding. This is compressed wood fiber, which differs from OSB boards in that it does not use synthetic adhesives, and the gluing takes place due to natural coniferous resins. This factor ensures high environmental friendliness of fiberboard. This material is lightweight, has high heat and sound insulation qualities, and is vapor permeable.

Disadvantages of fiberboard: fire hazard; low stiffness. For external cladding of the fiberboard frame, it is necessary to: apply a sheet thickness of at least 25 mm; strengthen the frame with jibs; select the inner lining with high rigidity.

Cement particle board (DSP). It is a mixture of wood chips and high quality cement. To increase the strength characteristics, special additives are introduced into the composition. DSP is resistant to moisture, mold does not form on it, it is unattractive to mice. And also DSP is safe for humans: it does not emit toxic substances, does not burn. Possesses high thermal insulation characteristics, creates a flat wall during installation.

Among the disadvantages of DSPs are: high cost; complexity in processing; heavy weight requiring a reinforced frame.

Plywood. This is veneer glued in layers. For cladding frame frames, moisture-resistant plywood is used outside, at least 12 mm thick. The advantages of this material include: high strength; resistance to low temperatures; easy handling; affordability. Disadvantages of plywood: prone to chipping; fire hazardous; low environmental friendliness due to synthetic resins in the composition.

Rules for attaching the outer skin to the frame

The outer cladding of a frame house is assembled in compliance with strict rules. This is necessary to ensure the structure is durable and resistant to external influences.

Installation requirements:

• a gap of 3-5 mm between sheets or plates;
• the joints of the sheets should be in the middle of the bar;
• the self-tapping screw must enter the frame by at least 40 mm;
• the indent from the edge of the plate for the self-tapping screw is at least 10 mm;
• fasten the sheets with a pitch of 15 cm along the edge and 30 mm in the central part of the sheet.

To be continued!

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