Manure Disposal: Basic Techniques Part 2

Proper disposal of manure is a problem not only for large livestock farms, but also for small farms. IN first part we told: what the manure consists of, what product is obtained as a result of its utilization, how to process biological waste from pigs and cattle. In this article, we will consider the areas of application of horse manure and poultry manure, as well as what it is: biogas and pyrolysis gas.

Horse dung

The composition contains a lot of nitrogen, and relatively little moisture. But this material is not suitable for processing into granules. There is still more water in it than is needed for such a method of disposal. Although there is more organic matter in biomass than in cattle excrement, it is still not enough to obtain gas.

Horse manure is suitable for the preparation of humus and insulation materials. After drying, the excrement becomes a light, crumbly substance that has a high level of thermal insulation. In this parameter, manure surpasses sawdust, yielding to mineral wool and foam.

Insulation can be made from horse waste on a bed of hay, sawdust, and other shredded materials of plant origin.

The manure is dried naturally for 2–4 weeks. Then they finish the wall, laying the material between the battens. From above it is covered with a plaster mesh. You don't have to use the bars. In this case, the plaster mesh is fixed with dowels to the wall of the building.

More of a similar insulation is suitable for decorating the walls of buildings where animals are kept. During the humid period, the biomaterial begins to emit a light specific odor. For this reason, it is impossible to use such thermal insulation for a residential building, but when decorating outbuildings, the use of biomaterial can significantly save money.

Unlike artificial insulation, it is a vapor-permeable insulation. Therefore, it will be dry inside the animal room.

Bird manure

Biomass contains less moisture than other species, but it is difficult to separate it into liquid and solid parts. This type of excrement is more aggressive on the ground, so it is rarely used for humus.

Chicken droppings are suitable for making gaseous, solid fuels. This is due to the high content of organic components. And also this type of excrement is suitable for creating insulation.

Straw litter is more appreciated. It contains more organic matter. After drying, such a material has a lower thermal conductivity. It is better to dry the droppings in special ovens to kill parasites and pathogens. You need to store such manure carefully, not allowing it to get into the soil.

Biogas and pyrolysis gas

Biogas is obtained as a result of the accumulation of waste products of anaerobic (not requiring oxygen) bacteria. They feed on organic matter, emitting methane. It also contains a little hydrogen sulphide, volatile substances. This explains the strong smell.

To obtain biogas, manure is put into a bioreactor. This is a barrel-shaped structure that needs to be hermetically sealed. The processes take place with a minimum amount of oxygen. Together with the manure, you need to put bifidobacteria inside.

A bioreactor is like a thermos. The inner space has a layer of thermal insulation. This allows the contents of the inner container to be quickly heated. The rise in temperature occurs due to the waste products of bifidobacteria. They work well with enough moisture and organic matter.

After the utilization process appears: biogas, industrial water, sludge. If the biomass volume was large, the reaction proceeds faster. Gas accumulates at the top of the bioreactor, slightly increasing the pressure. This helps to improve the work of bifidobacteria.

When the pressure inside the chamber rises to a predetermined level, the valve will open and gas will begin to flow through the gas pipeline. The fuel is used for heating, gas generators. Equipment for biofuel production can be purchased or manufactured independently.

The process of obtaining pyrolysis gas proceeds without the participation of oxygen. Dry manure is prepared, which is fed into the furnace. Part of the pyrolysis gas enters the furnace, where the required amount of energy is released during combustion.

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