Why is there no construction pace in our country as in China? An example of a long-term construction from the hinterland and my understanding of the problem
Many people know about the high rates of construction in China. There, logistics and technology have reached the point that skyscrapers are being built in a record three weeks.
Roads are being built in China at an even faster pace.
Chinese road builders build 26 thous. km of express roads. This country has long been in first place in terms of the length of highways.
There is no need to talk about the rapid construction of roads and factories either. China will soon begin to dismantle Tibet on gravel in order to free up territories for new construction projects. But, this is so, a joke ...
Road construction speed in China: 750 meters per hour. And in Russia - 150 m3 / hour. In China, 1 km of a four-lane road costs 2.9 million. $. In Russia, its construction will cost 12.9 million. $. A source: https://world-china.ru/byt-i-zhizn/skolko-kitajcy-stroyat-dorog-v-god
And the cost of construction and the speed there is explained not only by the cheapness of labor and its availability. Construction is both technology, logistics and cost optimization (no gray schemes). Everyone knows from the news what they are doing in China with the treasury.
In terms of the pace of construction work, only Moscow can compare with China. In the capital, there is a golden shower compared to the regions of the country.
Let's not talk about the construction of private facilities in our country. How much to spend on a skyscraper in Moscow City is the business of a private company. Let's talk about road objects. How is construction going on with funding from the budget?
1. Tender for the preparation of the project. 2. Construction tender (often in stages, i.e. several tenders). Preparation of documentation can take up to a year, the tender itself - in fact, more than a month. And if one of the bidders submitted for someone to the Antimonopoly Committee (FAS), then the work may be postponed for another 3-6 months.
I will give an example of one important object in Krasnoyarsk. This object is interesting to me because I pass this place almost every day. While the junction is being built, there are frequent traffic jams.
The project of this overpass has existed since 2016. In 2020 through the state trade contractor for 420 mln. rub. began to build a junction across a busy highway: the heating main was moved, the entrance was filled up, the construction of supports and storm sewers began (completed the first stage of the project). But in May 2021. those wishing to take the next stage at the auction for 203 million was not found.
This is understandable - there was a significant increase in rebar and other building materials. The estimate is out of date. The competition was repeated, but someone filed for the Ministry of Construction with the FAS and the process dragged on. Everything turned into a long-term construction.
Not always the reason for long-term construction is the lack of money in the budget (although this is also a problem). Each year, 1 trillion remained in the federal budget. rub. untapped funds. Previously, they were given to the banking sector. And the excess profits from oil revenues go to the NWF, from where the government is prohibited from taking funds for projects. It would be better to start building roads. But these are the rules of liberal economics. If the petrodollars were not spent in a hoard, but for the implementation of projects, then every major city in the country would be different.
My opinion is that the federal law on public procurement (44 FZ) needs to be reformed. For example, to attract 2-3 or more companies to carry out construction at once and distribute responsibilities between them at the facility (without general contracts). But to put technical supervision over them as control and coordinator of the process. Then small companies can also come in handy.
Build in a short time together in a matter of 2-3 months, and not extend the construction for 1-2 years. The very principle, where a company is a competitor, enemy and ill-wisher for another company, is vicious. There should be synergy from unification. And fragmentation is always weakness.
Maybe you need to learn from the Chinese experience or be based on common sense, and not on the free market.
The performance of such construction projects is hampered by inflation, which this year has stopped all construction projects where there is metal and lumber. It is up to the government to regulate these prices. But it refers to the market economy, exchanges, imposing only minor export duties.
Prices for OSB and rebar began to decline. But everyone knows that trading companies do not like to reduce prices in our country. All sales should rise in order to start moving downward in prices. How to stop inflation without market regulation by government decrees? I think not.
In general, the problem is complex. I just wrote about the tip of this iceberg. Everyone knows about corruption schemes. This greatly affects the quality of work and the materials used in construction.
What do you think - write in the comments.