Fireplace with his hands - let in your home warm living hearth

Have a fireplace in your own home - it is prestigious, convenient and, in a sense, even romantic. Therefore, having this possibility, few people give up the construction of the fireplace at in the country or a private holiday home ownership.

In fact, you can build a fireplace in virtually any living space - in private house, The country and even in the apartment, located within the city high-rise buildings. The most important thing - in this case choose the right species, as well as the design of this useful and aesthetic structures.

The design of the fireplace, as a rule, is chosen depending on what function will perform this object in your home. After all, it can be both an effective structure for heating homes, and just a decorative ornament, creates the illusion of a live fire.

Varieties household fireplaces by their arrangement method

According to the method of its location fireplaces are divided into several varieties.

Built-in fireplace - a structure formed in a recess of the bearing wall. As a rule, this is the only kind of fireplaces, which should be created at the stage of building a house. It was originally included in the basic design of the building, it has a powerful chimney, saves space of the room and ensures a strong return heat. With the help of this fireplace can heat a room in bad weather impressive size.

Fireplace trim - the most common type of fireplaces. Its design is separated from the wall, and its chimney is attached directly to the wall. Such kind of fireplaces created after building a house (After its owner wants to feel like a British aristocrat and enjoy the crackling of burning logsHe is sitting in a rocking chair).

Corner fireplace - it's an object, located in the corner of a residential premises. Its unusual layout gives a special charm to the environment. The design of this fireplace is quite simple, and it is similar to the chimney flue is used as a part of wall fireplaces. Located chimney, as a rule, one of the load-bearing walls.

Freestanding fireplace - it is also called a central fireplace. It is located in the interior of the room and its chimney is not connected to the supporting structure. In general, such a construction looks very original, while around it can comfortably accommodate several people.

The construction of all these varieties of arrangement provides an open furnace. Regardless of how the location of all fireplaces have approximately the same circuit and are composed of the same elements. The principal differences between them can occur only when the design of the fireplace integrated circuit water heating or underfloor heating. But this question requires separate consideration, because its subject is more inclined to the correct arrangement of modern heating systems.

Foundation for the fireplace

As with any construction, the creation of the fire begins with a solid foundation of everything. With its creation should be given to the fact that the fireplace has a rather massive structure and its weight can be up to several hundred kilograms.

RNikonov (User FORUMHOUSE):

The depth, size and other features of the foundation depends on the design of the fireplace. The question is not heated, and in the heavy weight of the fireplace with a chimney. Therefore, under the fireplace is poured over 200 kg or broadening ribbon or a separate massive base to the same depth as the tape.

In the case where foundation for the fireplace filled at the same time with the foundation under the house, the two elements are strictly forbidden to unite with each other. After uneven shrinkage of the walls of the house and of the fire may lead to distortions and cracks. Between the foundation under the fireplace and the main tape should leave a small gap (the width of formwork), which is subsequently to be covered with sand.

The foundation is created on the basis of a concrete solution. Strengthen it possible, by setting a pit dug in the lattice of the metal reinforcement. Often, as a basis is created rubble concrete pad. It is also acceptable for this base, which is filled in layers. Regardless of the type of foundation at the bottom of the excavation should create a sand bed thickness of 5... 6 cm, on top of which to pour a thin layer of gravel.

The area of ​​the base should be such that the perimeter of the monolith advocated chimney 100... 150 mm on each side. The lower plane of the base should be 150... 300 mm below the finished floor.

Seamouse (User FORUMHOUSE):

Under the future fireplace cast foundation 1x1 meter (it is not in the center of the room, but not adjacent to the walls). Now the level of the basement below the finished floor 280 mm.

Until floor level, after the creation of a waterproofing, the base of the fireplace rises by a reinforced screed.

Design and calculation of the fireplace

Before the construction of the fireplace is necessary to develop a suitable design of the building. In principle, the project is the fireplace in the specialized organization can be ordered for your own needs. But if you want to do on their own fireplace - from beginning to end, the projections should also be producing its own.

Each fireplace has in its structure several compulsory elements:

• Portal.
• Cornice.
• Protective area in front of the furnace (fireplace table).
• Under.
• Firebox.
• Grate.
• Ashpan (ash pit).
• The back plate.
• Smoke chamber.
• Smoke tooth.
• Chimney.

In the interior of the furnace, as a rule, created lining - special production of refractory materials (lining may well play the role of refractory bricks).

Calculate the basic dimensions of the fire on their own - simple. In most cases, this is enough to know the area of ​​the room in which the fireplace is installed. Using the chart below, it can be make fairly quickly.

In order to lower the fire safety of the furnace plane should be calculated in such a way that it is above the floor level, at least 30 cm.

The lower part of the fireplace with a grate shown in the diagram. Ash tray can be fully open, so that air can freely penetrate into the combustion chamber. But the purpose of fire protection at the entrance to the lower chamber is better to install a special door.

Fashion trend today is to buy a ready-made inserts for fireplaces. The range of these products is really huge, and their purchase will be justified in any way. After installation finished firebox considerably simplifies the design and calculation of the fireplace. Combustion chamber with a built-in ash pan can be installed on a special brick pedestal (height 30 cm), and the space can be used for storing fresh formed at the bottom logs.

masonry fireplace

For the inner lining of the fireplace should be used firebricks. It is well withstand high temperatures and exhibits high durability.

The design of the fireplace is unacceptable to use hollow brick. After all, the material is rapidly destroyed and badly gives heat coming to the surface from the inner space of the furnace.

For exterior cladding the fireplace, use red ceramic brick (mark - not less than the M200).

yanka (User FORUMHOUSE):

Heat oven gives it the outer bricks, which can be heated up decent temperatures, and apply during the construction of fireplaces can only be full-bodied red brick. Void just greatly weaken brick and lime at all when heated releases the dirtiest.

Solution for masonry fireplace must be prepared on the basis of chamotte and quartz sand. Option with cement mortar is better to throw out of my head. After all, nothing is more destructive, clumsy and unacceptable than cement mortar, used as a masonry fireplace, and come up with is impossible. Chamotte sometimes called kaolin, and this ingredient is sold in most hardware stores.

Vladimir A (User FORUMHOUSE):

Do not cement, clay and fireclay. Now on sale is complete different - for every taste and even color! On the quality of the strong differences between them.

Masonry fireplaces begins with the creation of a number of ground. The first row of bricks always gets to the edge, and the rest are placed flat.

Before laying bricks must be used for a few minutes immersed in water. This will greatly increase the strength of the structure, because moisture will not be absorbed from the solution surface bricks.

Before proceeding with the laying of the fireplace, you need to make poryadovkoy fireplace, relevant existing project. Further construction must be carried out in strict accordance with poryadovkoy:

• pedestal;
• firebox (starting from the 4th row);
• cornice and so on.

chimney arrangement

After the "body" of the fire is ready, you can begin to create a chimney. Its passage should correspond to the calculated value. In this case, the chimney top must be securely protected from precipitation. For this purpose you should use a smoke hood, made of galvanized sheet of metal.

Best material for the chimney than red ceramic bricks, is not found. That's what it thinks one of the members of our forum.

vinogradovskiy (User FORUMHOUSE):

The advantages of a brick chimney considerable. To achieve the formation of condensation in the brick chimney is much more difficult than in a sandwich - it is necessary to try. Combustion of soot not terribly, heating the outer surface of the pipe in the attic is minimal or even completely unnoticeable. Durability in correctly built brick chimney - for many decades.

However, alternatively, as a chimney can be used galvanized pipe made of refractory steel. This chimney is a multi-layer (resulting in a kind of "sandwich), with three sides it is closed with plasterboard.

In those periods when the fireplace is inactive, any chimney becomes cause drafts. In order to avoid such adverse effects, the mine chimney mounted special valves (dampers). They open only when the fireplace insert "comes to life", filling the room a pleasant warmth.

Sectional area of ​​the cylindrical chimney with portal area of ​​the fuel should have a ratio of 1:10.

Particular attention should be paid to the height of the outer portion of the chimney:

• if the gap from the apex to the chimney of less than 1.5 m, the chimney must be above the ridge at least two feet;
• if the distance from the chimney to the ridge over 1.5m, the upper section of the chimney must not be below the ridge.

design fireplace

Design fireplace, as a rule, should fit the overall style of the interior. And if at the time of construction was used qualitative and aesthetic brick, then, in order to give the fireplace a complete external viewIt requires a minimum of effort. However, all depends on the owner's imagination. In relation to the fireplace, you can apply bold and unparalleled design solutions using a variety of materials. This may be a tile or natural stone, marble or tiles. The main thing that materials possessed fire properties and not destroyed by high temperatures.

Angarchanin (User FORUMHOUSE):

Heat transfer through the ceramic tiles as well as through the tiles, only increases (higher density material). Furthermore, with the surface of the glaze and underglaze sintered parts clay slurry when heated above 35 degrees initiated warm infrared radiation. It is much more intense than with the surface of the brick. tiling or granite will definitely benefit.

By purchasing special kits for fireplaces, can qualitatively improve the appearance of these structures. Indeed, in a set of similar purchases, in addition to the required accessories (brushes, tongs, poker and so on. D.), includes additional furniture and decorations that can significantly transform the appearance of the home hearth.

If you want to use your home as a decorative fireplace in the home heating plant, then you just need to visit the section of the forum dedicated to construction of stoves. The fact that must be considered, choosing a furnace for fireplaceYou can find in the corresponding section FORUMHOUSE. Share experiences and receive practical advice on the construction of the chimney to the fireplace home, you can see "Selection for chimney stoves». Also, for all the visitors of our project is available an interesting video that will help you qualitatively decorate your home fireplace.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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