Choosing a foundation for the house

It is on the grounds of reliability for the house depends on the strength and durability of the future home. Any error made at this stage can lead to costly repairs and reduce service life of the house. Long should know before the start of construction work:

• Where to begin selection foundationAnd its type depends on the material walls of the house;
• How to choose the design house of foundation, depending on the type of soil on the site;
• What types of foundations for private homes, and that is the strength of frost heave;
• What if in the area - the so-called difficult terrain and high water table.

The choice of foundation. Where to begin.

Before you start to choose the foundation, it is necessary to understand what it is and what function is performed.

Roman Nikonov (Construction Consultant):

The foundation - laying between the building and the ground. It distributes the weight of the building to the ground. This is not a static structure - it can be compressed, bent, and sometimes stretch. To house it will not warp, two conditions must be met:

• Precipitation ground under the house should not exceed certain values. They are calculated by special formulas depending on the weight and structure of the building, the type of soil, its moisture content and porosity. These values ​​were determined on samples obtained by engineering - geological surveys;
• The soil must not change the structure. For each lot, which is under constantly increasing load, there comes a point when the particles begin to break or be displaced relative to each other and it sags. So, under the sole the foundation should not be the pressure at which "breaks" foundation soil.

Disposition portion territory

Choosing a site for your future home of several options, many developers are guided only at the cost, area and the presence of summed communications. But, as practice shows, one of the decisive factors in the selection of land for future construction and, therefore, foundation work should be the ability of competent planning area.

Andrew Pashuhin (Construction engineer company fundamentally. RF):

Choose the site for the house is desirable in accordance with the understanding of how you plan to use later - namely a house and farm buildings will be erected on it.

Already at the initial stage it is necessary to look, whether the site is suitable to your needs, rather than trying to build a house on a completely inappropriate for this site.

If you originally planned to build a large stone house in two or three floors, and the land is necessary to select appropriate. It must be greater boundaries house for at least 10-15 meters and have soils with a good bearing capacity.

It should be clearly understood that the more complex geology and soils at the site, the more expensive it will cost to build a house foundation. The design should be based on technical and economic feasibility of the project at home and geological surveys to determine the type of soil.

The main factors that determine what will be the construction of the following:

• Features of the future house and its design features;
• The material from which the house is built;
• The type of soil and the slope portion;
• Groundwater level and depth of soil freezing in winter.

The heavier the house and the more complex its structure, the harder it is the foundation and the more it will cost.

The soil as the basis of home

having hands house project, as soon as possible to understand what kind of soil on your site and, accordingly, what his bearing capacity.

Roman Nikonov:

Usually at the base of the building is several types of soils.For the surroundings of Moscow depth polnozaglublennogofoundation- 1.5 meters. The zone of influence of the foundation, that is, the depth at which will be noticeably additional pressure from the building - it is from 2 to 4.5 meters. This means that whencalculationfoundation forheavy home you need to consider the properties of the soil to a depth of 6 meters. Now suppose that at a depth of 3 meters is a layer of soft soil. He can not stand the additional load on the building.

On the strength of soils affect GWL: Wet soils are less robust than dry. A silty sand is saturated with water can generally become "quicksand."

Alexander Zemskov (Head BAUBILD Company):

View the properties and characteristics of the ground, are of paramount importance in the construction offoundationfor home.

A variety of foundations, its size, the depth of laying and construction technology is based on data of geological research area.

At a high level of groundwater, it is desirable to make the drainage area and the drainage around the house.

Due to this reduced their level and water saturation of soil is reduced accordingly, reducing the power of frost heaving.

Frost heave is due to the fact that the water contained in the ground under freezing increases in volume. Under the action of this pressure, the ground shifts, which can lead to ejection foundation outwardly, its uneven tearing or lifting the house, and hence the deformation of the entire structure.

Classification of soils in construction

Selecting the foundation for the house begins with a study of the soil at the site, the understanding of its carrying capacity and features that affect the design of the house and the base material of manufacture of the walls. Consider the main types of soils.

Only the study of the aggregate properties and soil conditions allow to build durable, reliable and durable foundation.

Types of foundations for private homes

foundations Housing can be divided into four basic types of structures:

• Columnar;
• pile;
• belt;
• Slab.

they vary according to the depth of emplacement:

• Melkozaglublennye;
• Glubokozaglublennye.

Foundation of the house lay below the frost depth in order to prevent the deformation forces of frost heave. Melkozaglublennye design for constructing buildings on the light soils not subject to frost heaving. The greater the depth of laying the foundation, the more expensive it will manage its construction.

By the method of construction foundations can be divided into:

• monolithic;
• teams;
• Combined.

Alexander Zemskov:

Monolithic foundations are building on-site construction of reinforcedconcrete. Subject to the construction technology and the use of quality materials, they are considered the most durable and reliable. For prefabricated buildings using precast concrete elements: beams, slabs,blocksand so forth. Combined foundations erected from prefabricated elements and the concrete factory solution.

columnar

Under the corners of the building in the busy location puts brick, concrete or wooden posts, dug to a depth of more than one and a half meters, so that when frost heave did not pull out of the ground.

These foundations often used in the construction of temporary structures and light.

piling

Screw pile - a steel pipe with a screw at the end. She screwed into the ground like a screw, and then put them on the structure. It is the most-fabricated foundation for a country house in the 60 - 80 square meters, he made a couple of days.

Pros:

• Quickly erected;
• It does not require excavation.

Minuses:

• Limited service life - depends on the rate of corrosion destruction of piles blades.

Also piling may raise, because Metal is a good conductor cold, and the ground around piling freezes to a greater depth than around a traditional foundation.

bored pile - the hole in the ground by a length of 1.5 meters and a meter into which is inserted fittings and poured concrete. A special type of such a foundation piles are TISE - a broadening of the bottom, which allows increase the bearing capacity of the pile, but can be successfully performed only in semi-solid and tugoplastichnyh clays.

Pros:

• It allows you to put a heavy home if directly under the layer of weak soil - then piles transmit weight on a solid ground, which can be deep enough - the so-called "Pile-stand."
• To reduce the amount of excavation in comparison with any type of foundation, if the house - light.

Minuses:

• Complex in execution, and roads when constructing piles in loose and flowable soil.

It requires geotechnical surveys at greater depths than conventional foundations for country houses.

Boards

Roman Nikonov:

Such a foundation is a single plate for all home - a flat or ribbed, warmed - or so-called UWB neuteplonnuyu. One of the most versatile types of foundation. Very often the foundation of the "default" of country houses in typical projects, as it can without any particular problems installed on all types of soils, except: silty sand wet "quicksands" fluid clay, bulk and peaty soils.

Pros:

• Versatility.
• Reliability.

It requires very little penetration into the soil, which is particularly important at a high level of groundwater.

Minuses:

• For large private houses complex shape turns into a very complex structure.
• It takes a lot of materials, especially in view of the sand bags, filling the floor.
• Device requires a separate cap designs, as is generally located in the ground level.

This foundation is inconvenient to build homes on the slopes with a difference of heights of more than 1 meter for the whole length of the house.

belt

It is divided into two main types:

• Polnozaglublenny.
• Melkozaglublenny - MZLF.

Polnozaglublenny - it is on the whole depth of soil freezing. This is the calculated value, taking into account the type of buildings, soil, operating home mode.

One of the most reliable types of foundation for the house of any shape, weight and space. Importantly, the bearing capacity of the foundation is almost independent of its reinforcement.

Pros:

• Easy to manufacture.
• Reliable.

Minuses:

• Very high materials consumption since the required depth below the initiation of freezing.
• The complexity of the device with a high groundwater level.

Melkozaglublenny the foundation is a monolithic reinforced concrete beam on a sand cushion.

Roman Nikonov:

This type of foundation is designed in the 60s of the 20th century, when it became clear that the bearing capacity polnozaglublennoy tape for light houses - redundant, moreover, frost heave sometimes breaks these bases, if they are made with technologies violation (embedded in the ground without formwork).

Pros:

• For the construction requires less material than polnozaglublennoy tape.
• Possibility do a foundation with a high groundwater level.

Minuses:

• Low stiffness (very frequent cases the formation of cracks in the construction of buildings of small sized materials - units and brickInstalled on such foundations).
• High quality requirements for reinforcement.
• Required drainage device and sand cushion.

Melkozaglublenny foundation used in the portions consisting of a complex soil with a high groundwater level, the heights and the like when a large difference

Andrew Pashuhin:

With a high groundwater table should be used melkozaglublennye foundations. The meaning of the foundation of the training is to ensure full contact with the ground foundation, and if necessary - to increase the load-bearing capacity of the soil to a value corresponding to a calculated.

If laid MZLF, make sure the device is insulated blind area. This will ensure a stable position and to avoid soil heave. In other cases blind area sufficiently neuteplonnoy device for diverting rainwater from the base to prevent it from flooding.

It is important to remember that the very foundation of the design stage is necessary to think about the fact that the presence of a large slope on the plot require measures to "anchoring of" and planning, and the presence of groundwater at a high level and reducing it will require diversion.

Alexander Zemskov:

Very often there are areas with a significant bias on the one hand it is a plus to the design point of view, then you can build interesting landscaping. But this portion, compared with an even more cost when building a foundation.

Thus, the base is home is to solve a variety of different tasks, and in the design you must take into account a range of factors affecting the durability of the foundation, and therefore the reliability of your future home.

FORUMHOUSE at all possible to collect Information about foundations.

We offer you a detailed and clear account of our member portal the construction of houses on TISE. Here you will find information about planning and device basements and cellars and all information on UWB, from constructive to calculation.

Join our discussion on how how to raise the house and replace it under the base. Watch our video about it, in one design to combine three types of foundations.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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