Especially polyurethane (PUR and PIR) insulation

In recent years, among the domestic real estate developers increased interest in the construction of energy efficient homes. It affects constant increase in energy prices and the desire to reduce heating costs. One of the basic foundations of this construction is to choose the optimal method of insulation of the foundation, walls and roof.

Modern construction market offers a variety of heaters. Along with well-known species, new types. It - polyurethane (PUR and PIR) insulation. Therefore, in this article we will, with the help of specialists National Association of manufacturers of foam panels (NAPPAN)By answering the following questions:

• What is PUR and PIR insulation.
• What is a sandwich panel with PIR and PUR - insulation.
• Where can I use sandwich panels and PIR - insulation.

Differences PUR and PIR insulation

Before describing the technical features of the PUR and PIR insulation, you need to understand what requirements guided by professional builders by building energy efficient homes and commercial buildings destination. The key parameters are: speed, quality of work, optimization of all processes, high thermal characteristics of the structure, environmental friendliness and durability.

It follows - for warming the house needed a material that, together with high thermal insulation capacity, durability and usability, has a long service life (durability). Those. retain their insulating properties for the entire lifetime of the building. Based on these requirements, a key parameter affecting the characteristics of any insulation is the material from which it is made. Consider the properties of PUR and PIR insulation.

Alexei Gorokhov (Executive Director of the Association "NAPPAN"):

Polyurethane (PUR or PUR) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) - the two related classes of polymers having a closed cell structure. The cells are filled with blowing agent (gas) with a low degree of thermal conductivity (0.022 W / m * K).This is lower than the air thermal conductivity (0.025 W / m * K).

Because spherical system of closed cells in the material is closed, it does not release the gas, therefore, as well as through the use of steam and waterproof linings, insulation over time does not lose its high thermal insulation properties.

For clarity, comparable coefficient of thermal conductivity of polyurethane with other insulation materials.

Alexei Gorokhov:

Some manufacturers, the use of various technological features, reach even lower thermal conductivity performance than 0.022 W / m * K.

Due to the peculiarities of production, as well as the use of vapor tight facing (most often - foil), the indicator of thermal conductivity is maintained throughout the period of operation insulation. Therefore, for the same structural characteristics of thermal protection requires a thin layer of PIR-insulation than the other heaters.

This feature is of great importance in the insulation inside the room (we did not increase the thickness of the insulation, and thus maintain the useful area of ​​the room). In the case of floor insulation (distance to the ceiling is limited) or balcony (small area of ​​the room, so there is no possibility to build up a layer of insulation). In addition, through the use of thinner material, we save money on shipping and material consumption of erected buildings. Because on the walls, in order to achieve the rated value of the thermal resistance of the partition structure (depending on the construction of the region), is mounted a heater layer of lower weight and thickness.

It should be noted that since the production of synthetic fibers from isocyanate and polyol products German chemical engineer Otto Bayer in 1937, PPU long and firmly took its place in our lives. Polyurethanes are used in medicine, civil, aerospace and defense industries. Therefore, we can say that has accumulated extensive experience, confirming the material's ability to maintain low thermal conductivity for a long period of time (40 years or more).

Burmistrov Roman (Expert Association "NAPPAN". The representative of the manufacturer of thermal insulation panels PIR):

Polyurethanes are widely used in automotive parts, office furniture, interior design, mattresses and upholstered furniture, pillows, shoes, adhesives and sealants, flooring.

It should also be noted that the main feature of the heater based on polyisocyanurate (PIR), - a thermoset polymer. Those. when exposed to fire on the polymer a porous carbon matrix (charring and carbonization the outer surface of insulation) that prevents the burning of the inner layers of the polymer and accordingly applies fire.

The main difference from PUR and PIR is that PIR - it is more fire-resistant species of PUR.

This provides a high fire-performance of both the material (flammability group G1) and structures, where it is used. In the case of insulation in the construction of indicators achieved R0 - K1 class structural fire danger in the case of sandwich panels - K1. Those. material whose performance takes place between the middle of mineral wool (NG, R0) and expanded polystyrene (T3-T4, R0-R3). These figures are particularly relevant in the construction of roofs.

Burmistrov Roman:

In contrast to the embodiment of using polystyrene, in the device of any area roofing systems using plates PIR device is not required fire crosscuts.

Interesting fact: PIR is also used for insulation of tanks, rocket launchers, armored vehicles in because in case of contact incendiary material into the machine instantly coke, which prevents the spread of flame.

Also, the material has high strength characteristics. This is of particular importance in the case of PIR for insulating flat roofs, since rigidity the base is a key parameter preservation performance of waterproof roofing material.

Burmistrov Roman:

Durability waterproofing carpet to 80% of its base defined stiffness.

The use of improperly selected thermal insulation materials, which during operation are losing their performance (including hardness), leads to the inevitable reduction in the life of the whole roof system.

Alexei Gorokhov:

In Europe, there is a special term walkability (vytaptyvaemost), which means the ability of insulation to withstand variable loads occurring periodically. By this indicator PIR significantly ahead of mineral wool insulation, which provides increased life of the roof.

Also of note is moisture resistance PUR and PIR insulation and the ability to maintain their geometric dimensions and uniformity. These are important parameters because at supersaturation ratio increases water heater thermal conductivity material, which eventually leads to a reduction in the thermal resistance of the partition design. And if the insulation eventually sits down (lose rigidity and load-bearing capacity), as often happens with fiber materials and spolzot down, the upper part of the walling in the case of sandwich panels will remain in general without insulation.

In addition, fully hardened polyisocyanurate is chemically stable and inert material, practically does not lose its mechanical and thermal properties over time. The material does not rot, moisture-proof, is not decomposed, is not affected by rodents, chemically stable and harmless to the environment.

Sandwich panel with PIR and PUR - insulation

Sandwich panels with PIR and PUR-warming - a three-layered composite building material, each layer of which performs a specific function.

Fausto Baldini (Expert Association "NAPPAN". The representative of the manufacturer of sandwich panels PIR and PUR):

Between the two plating layers sandwich panel is a layer of insulation, which as polyurethane (PUR) or polyisocyanurate foams (PIR) can be used.

The profiled or flat steel sheets could be used as a cladding of insulation, i.e. sandwich panel is simultaneously insulation and construction materials, to save heat and fulfilling the role of external and internal cladding, which does not require finish.

Because sandwich panels are manufactured in an industrial production, they have a clearly defined geometric dimensions, which accelerates the process of erecting the building. The panels themselves have a relatively low weight. It reduces the load on the foundation, reduces transport costs and simplifies all process steps. If necessary, the building of the sandwich panels can be disassembled and transported to another place. Also on site there is no construction waste.

Fausto Baldini:

When mounting sandwich panels are connected to the metal, concrete or wooden frame, open or concealed fixing system.

Sandwich panels can be used as cladding and self-supporting structure in the construction of buildings of frame-panel method or as a facing material in the reconstruction of facades. Also, the sandwich panel can serve as a sound and heat-insulating partitions in commercial buildings and industrial applications.

Alexei Gorokhov:

Unlike other insulation materials, PIR, first used only in sandwich panels and only then began to be used as a heater in the form of a plate.

Should focus on the features of the production of sandwich panels and PIR-insulation. The technological process requires that the foam was deposited between two facing, and because No gluing (polyurethane has a high adhesion to the liner), a strong connection is obtained. In the case of sandwich panels as the cladding metal sheet is used, and in case of PIR plates there are many options. Combining the different embodiments of the substrate (using glass cloth, foil, etc.), we obtain a material with different properties and application.

For example, there is a fireproof lining coating (graphite), which expands when exposed to flame. Or - glass fiber (for thermal insulation of external walls according to the "wet facade"), as well as special coating for waterproofing fired fusing method.

More one important thing - the presence of "tongue and groove" lock type connection.

Fausto Baldini:

Locks of the "tongue and groove" labyrinth groove-like compound and sandwich panels provide a continuous surface creation, increase load carrying capacity and resistance. This greatly speeds up and simplifies the design of the installation process.

Alexei Gorokhov:

With the construction of energy efficient buildings it is important to provide a closed loop thermal insulation and remove all the thermal bridges. When joining "tongue and groove" in the case of polyurethane foam insulation (PUR,PIR), connection of the panels takes place "on the foam."

For example, for thermal insulation of pitched roofs lock connection, coupled with high strength characteristics, allows to perform thermal insulation of the roof top batten, which allows to get rid of thermal bridges (tree has a sufficiently high conductivity).

Summarizing

Properties of the material define its scope. Sandwich panels and PIR-insulation have zero water absorption, different strength and durability allow you to quickly build energy-efficient buildings. If the main scope of application of sandwich panels - commercial and industrial construction, in the case insulation boards based on PIR (they are also called soft trim panel) - the construction of roofs (as flat and pitched). Well plates are used for thermal insulation of external and internal walling, floor, walls in saunas, balconies. Additionally, since production of sandwich panels and PIR-insulation can only be on high-tech and expensive production, it eliminates the possibility of counterfeiting.

The material was prepared with the participation of experts Association "NAPPAN".

In the subject FORUMHOUSE can take part in the discussion PIR - insulation. Also we recommend to watch the video on the construction of energy-efficient homes for passive housing standards.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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