Eteplenie extruded polystyrene. expert recommendations

The constant increase in energy prices, the desire to build a comfortable and economical home led to a resurgence of interest in the construction of energy-efficient housing. But how to understand the sea heaters, because each of them has its own characteristics? extruded polystyrene - material, always gaining momentum in the insulation market, and in this article with the help of experts, we will help you figure out how to do the calculations for insulation of this material.

Extruded polystyrene (XPS) - an effective polymeric insulation material, polystyrene manufactured by extrusion with the addition of a gaseous blowing agent and technological additives.

Energy efficiency: basic principles

An ordinary, untrained developers at the mention of the phrase "energy efficient home" in my head there is an image of premium class cottage, which requires significant investments. Hence - the reluctance to invest in the construction of a well-insulated and energy-efficient home.

Practice suggests otherwise. To sum up the experience, we can say that the construction of energy efficient homes increases the estimate of construction by 15-20%. Thus operation of this dwelling, the average costs 50-75% less compared with the conventional construction.

Anton Borisov (TechnoNICOL skilled Corporation):

If you build an energy efficient home, the savings invested in its construction funds begins in the first heating season.

Heating season (depending on climate zone) in our country, on average, lasts from 6 to 8 months. Operating cost housing in the long term - a key factor in the decision to build an energy-efficient, and most importantly - an economical house.

, It is necessary to understand what is spent in the home energy to understand the basic principles of construction of energy efficient homes.

The main consumers of energy - electrical, hot water and heating system. Because on the territory of our country's cold climate prevails, the lion's share of the costs (up 70%) in the standard house, with large heat losses, is spent on heating.

Energy-efficient house - a structure in which all energy losses and power consumption reduced by about 30-70% of the level of consumption in a typical home.

Anton Borisov (TechnoNICOL skilled Corporation):

Main sources of heat loss in the building - floors, walls, windows, doors, roof and ventilation system.

The basic principle of the construction of energy efficient buildings is the minimization of heat loss through the building envelope. To this end, erected a closed and sealed thermal insulation circuit and eliminates "cold bridges".

"Thermal bridges" - a structural part of the building (concrete lintels, the joints in the walls, etc.) through which, because of the low thermal resistance of that node or material occur heat loss.

For clarity, the percentage of heat provided below.

On energy efficiency at home can be judged by the coefficient of seasonal thermal energy - E.

In European countries, to determine the energy efficiency class of the house used EP weight. As a starting point is taken EP = 1 and energy class D, i.e. standard.

The main objective of the additional insulation of the building - energy efficiency and, as a consequence, reduction of heating costs. This leads to cost savings and reduce the cost of owning a home in the long term.

How to choose a heater and calculate its thickness

Having analyzed the basic characteristics of energy-efficient home, you can go to the determination of the optimum insulation thickness. Judging by the requests on the portal, it is one of the leading issues among our customers in the construction of a warm and comfortable home.

Ivan1985 (FORUMHOUSE User):

I built a house in Minsk from a silicate brick. Wall thickness - 0.5 meters. If outside temperatures drop to - 25 ° C, the house cools down to 14-15 ° C. The house was built in the early 90s. Judging from the masonry house was built with violations of technology, even the solution is not everywhere been laid. I then added onto the house and plastered. Now I want to insulate it. I take insulation of 100 mm thickness. Builders say, that's enough, and 50 mm. How to calculate the required thickness of the insulation to me?

As mentioned above, the heat loss through the walls make up about 20% of all heat loss. Therefore, to warm the house, you need a high-quality and durable insulation, which in time will not lose their properties. To select it, you need to understand what qualities he must possess.

Anton Borisov:

Efficient insulation - a heat insulating material which, having a small thickness increases the R-value (denotedR), i.e., prevents heat transfer from the room at a higher temperature (the room) into the environment at a lower temperature (in the street).

Ratio (R) measured by the temperature difference in degrees Celsius (or Kelvin) necessary, 1 W to transfer heat through 1 sq area, when the temperature difference on both sides of 1 ° C. Unit R - (m² * ° C) / W.

Based on this definition, we turn to the thermal conductivity, since This - the main characteristics of insulation. Coefficient of thermal conductivity in the material's ability to conduct heat from the hotter parts to less heated. Consider this option in more detail.

Any material passes through a heat energy. A good example - wood and steel. If heat these two materials, the steel, due to high thermal conductivity, heat up quickly, while the tree of a lower coefficient remains warm. For clarity, this process imagine a frying pan with a wooden handle, put on a gas stove.

Come on. coefficient of thermal conductivity is denoted as λ. Each building materials - their thermal conductivity. This ratio determines the amount of thermal energy passing for 1 second through a 1 sq. m area of ​​the material at a temperature difference of 1 ° C. measured λ - W / (m * ° C).

Anton Borisov:

The smaller the coefficient of thermal conductivity - (λ), the less heat transfer, i.e., higher thermal resistance structure - (R). This directly affects the insulating quality walling.

Knowing the rules of the thermal resistance (R) for the different regions of Russia (depending on climate zone) and thermal conductivity material (λ), used in the construction of walls, one can calculate the necessary thickness insulation.

Table. Normable thermal resistance of walls.

Note: for floors and coatings normable thermal resistance has other values. According to the norms 50.13330 JV "Thermal protection of buildings" is needed to do the calculation for the temperature of + 20 ° C. (During the winter period in the accommodation temperature should be maintained at 18... 22 ° C).

Example of calculation of warming the house of extruded polystyrene (XPS)

Due to its characteristics - low coefficient of thermal conductivity (0.028-0.034 W / (m * ° C), high compressive strength (200-1000 kPa) and the minimum coefficient of water absorption (0.2-0.4%) - this material is used for insulation of the following designs:

• Floor and ceiling.
• Foundations and the ground floor.
• Roof.

Anton Borisov:

Knowing what kind of materials used in the construction of the wall, it is possible to calculate the thermal resistance and compliance.

For example, take a wall constructed of solid bricks to 0.3 meters thick. According to the standards for the thermal resistance of the wall region in the Moscow should be: R - 3.065 (m² * ° C) / W. Hence, by the formula we find the actual heat transfer resistance brickwork.

R = d / λ, where:

d - the thickness of the material;

λ - thermal conduction coefficient of the material.

Rf = 0.3 / 0.81 = 0.37 (m² * ° C) / W

Proceeding from this value, we determine a difference between the normative and actual heat transfer resistance (Rt):

Rt = Rl - Rf = 3.065 - 0.37 = 2.69 (m² * ° C) / W

Now we find the necessary insulation thickness, which compensates for the difference. Calculated thermal conductivity of extruded polystyrene (XPS) - 0.03 W / (m * ° C). We put it in the following formula:

d = Rt * λ, where:

d - the thickness of the insulation;

Rt - resistance to heat;

λ - thermal conductivity of the insulation.

d = Rt * λ = 2.69 * 0.03 = 0.08 m

Translate in cm, is rounded (with multiplicity thickness of manufactured insulation 10 mm) and obtain - 8 cm.

Conclusion: The thermal resistance values ​​for driving the brick wall to the outside wall must be normalized to mount layer extruded polystyrene (XPS) 80 mm thick.

In the long term use of the building should be borne in mind that the XPS does not accumulate moisture, and therefore does not lose its thermal insulation characteristics.

Anton Borisov:

Using this simplified algorithm can independently calculate the required thickness of the insulation. If the wall construction consists of several layers, for example - plaster, aerated concrete, insulation, facing brick etc., then to calculate and obtain an overall thermal resistance value walls (R) to fold indexes of each layer.

Thus, the thin insulation layer achieves a desired standard of the thermal resistance walling (R). And the inside with insulation, due applying an effective insulationWe can reduce the overall thickness of the extensible wall structure is not "eating" the inner useful area of ​​the house.

Engineering systems of energy-efficient homes

The main principle of the construction of energy efficient homes - is the construction of a sealed (closed), airtight shell inside the building. Those. - the construction of a kind of thermos-house where all the heat is retained and not discharged to the outside due to heat transfer which is possible when the migration of air in the so-called "breathing walls. " Thus, anticipating the question developers can immediately say that the so-called "Breathing walls", i.e. air exchange between the internal and external environment, which supposedly provides a healthy climate in home - a myth! Bearing structures do not "breathe" and allow air, they have to maintain our warm inside. For the "home breathing" (removing exhaust and fresh air flow) must meet the appropriate system.

Vinyl wallpaper, plaster, laminate flooring, clinker brick and other building materials, even Easy oil paint - in themselves are good layers to ensure integrity system. Support the microclimate in the home and provide fresh air ventilation should be, which, unfortunately, forgotten to lay in the draft. After all, air quality and the air exchange rate depends on human well-being and comfort level in the home. The cottage has a properly installed ventilation is easy to breathe.

Anton Borisov:

Modern standards govern: the entire volume of air in a residential area should be fully updated every 60 minutes.

Herein lies the "pitfall." Heat losses through inefficient ventilation system can be more than 30%. Those. - ensuring the flow of necessary volume of air in the winter, we, we "throw" out the heat and spend additional energy to heat incoming air again.

How to proceed? In order not to reduce the volume of incoming air, install a system that will heat the cold outdoor air due to exhaust air removed from the premises. This system is called a heat exchanger, and it is one of the possible options for ventilation devices in energy-efficient house.

Recuperator - a device where heat exchange is performed due to heat transfer from the heated outgoing air is colder than the incoming flow. Due to this reduced heat loss and reduces heating costs.

 This is part of a training course on "Thermal insulation of extruded polystyrene." Completely pass the course can be Academy FORUMHOUSE.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

Subscribe to the channel and put the "Like" so as not to miss the next release!