Water at home: an artesian well

One of the main conditions for a comfortable life in the country - providing a reliable source of water of the cottage.

We have already talked about the users of our website main aspects selecting water supply and heating system private house.

Despite widespread wells, most homeowners want to have a more stable source of water. For example - an artesian well.

Understand the features of the water supply on the basis of the house so well you will help specialists FORUMHOUSE!

From our material you will learn:

• What requirements must meet the power supply of a country house?
• What are the types of wells?
• From what depth of drilling artesian well depend on?
• What are the requirements to the site and place a water well drilling?
• Whether it is necessary to drill artesian wells in the winter?
• What is the casing?
• How to choose a pump for the well?
• What is the caisson and the well adapter?
• How to start a variety of water treatment systems?

Choosing a source of water supply for a country house

Unlike urban apartments with a centralized system of water supply for life in the country needs its own source of water, and it imposed certain requirements.

Dmitry Polyashenko (Expert Company BIIKS):

- The key parameter comfortable life in the country - it is a constant, stable supply of water necessary amount every day.

Also, when selecting the type of water source should be noted that a safe operation of these critical systems country home like hot water, heating and sanitation depends on the effectiveness and reliability of the source water supply.

Eugene Kasatkin (Deputy Technical Director of "Akvabur"):

- In the absence of a centralized system vodosnabzheniyaneobhodim water source that does not require additional costs for the entire period of its use.

There are 4 basic types of self-contained power supply:

• Well - it is a hydraulic structure as mounted on one another concrete rings buried in the ground at the depth of the aquifer. The wells are widely used because of the simplicity and relative cheapness of the device. Among the main drawbacks of the well can be identified: seasonal fluctuation of the water level (unstable flow rate) and a high probability of hitting the water pollutants, e.g. from waste pits or septic tanks.

Flow rate - is one of the main sources of water supply farmhouse characteristics. Flow rate shows a maximum amount of water source can provide for a standard unit of time. Flow rate is typically measured in m3 / h or l / min.

• Abyssinian wellOr "well-needle". Abyssinian well is a tube diameter of 1 inch, with a filter at the tip, which is hammered into the ground impact rod to a depth of 15 meters. For supplying water from such wells using surface priming pump. This type of pumps, due to physical laws, can not raise the water from a depth of more than 8 m, which imposes certain restrictions on the use of such wells.

About the advantages and disadvantages of Abyssinian wells can be found from this article .

• Sand well water ( "well on sand") - drilled screw in loose or soft soil, its depth - to 50 m Volume of water -. Production rate of 0.5-1.0 cubic meters / hour, allowing only solve the basic needs of a family of 2-3 man. The presence of sand in the water intake of the different fractions requires the use of a strainer. Fine sand particles clog the filter as a result of the well silting and requires periodic pumping and cleaning. The water level in the sand lens unstable, and the well may dry.

Eugene Kasatkin:

- Drilling wells "on sand" is made to the nearest aquifer located in sandy soil to a depth of 15-30 m Flow rate of a borehole usually does not exceed 1 m3 / h..

• Artesian well drilled special chisel, able to pass through solid rock. Artesian water is deeply located in fractured limestone. Of fine particles in such water have, however, unlike sand, are not well on limestone silts and does not require constant pumping. Such a well is not subject to seasonal fluctuations in the water level.

Dmitry Polyashenko:

- Artesian well structurally complicated and expensive drill "on sand". But the average life of the well life on the limestone is 25-40 years or more, and the sand - just 5-7 years.

Because aquifer limestone is separated from the surface of the thick waterproof layer of clay (which becomes natural filter), the water in artesian wells are protected from any natural and man-made contamination.

Eugene Kasatkin:

- Drilling of artesian wells made up of limestone aquifer.

Flow rate artesian wells from 2 to 25 m3 / h.

Select the source of water supply of a country house in the first place, depends on the expected volume of water consumption, the requirements for its quality and composition of the soil at the site.

Features of drilling artesian wells

drilling depth ( "on sand" or artesian) depends on the type of aquifer. The average depth of water bearing sands occurrence in Moscow region ranges from 10 to 45 m. Aquifer limestone can be found at a depth of 20 to 250 m.

Eugene Kasatkin:

- To determine the drilling depth should be guided by the data of geological investigations.

Dmitry Polyashenko:

- Water-bearing sands located unpredictable. This increases the risk of exploration (dry) drilling where water is not found, and it is necessary redrille well.

Sand wells should be spread as far as possible from each other so as not to lower the water level.

Unlike the well "on sand", artesian wells can be drilled at any point portion.

Not recommended to place the well next to the roadway and the pedestrian zone.

If the site is uneven, it is not necessary to place well at the lowest point - because in the spring, when snow melts, may be no easy access to the hatch of the box.

That's why choosing a place for the artesian well is best for another home design stage.

It is also necessary to plan in advance the location of outbuildings, drainage, sewerage and drainage for future wells. This approach allows to optimize the location of the water source in the area, and hence reduce the cost of equipping an artesian well.

For example: reducing the length of the pipeline from the well to the water taps will reduce the amount and cost of materials, excavation and installation works.

If the borehole is being drilled in managed area, with already elevated house are kindly requested to select a location for drilling and ensure free passage rig to the work site.

Dmitry Polyashenko:

- water well is being drilled only in the open, at least 3 meters to the nearest structure. For maintenance and repair must have a free passage to the well drilling machine and access to the well head. It is difficult to implement, if the site is densely built up and planted with trees. Sometimes even have to temporarily remove the fence section.

General requirements for the technical platform for the drilling of artesian wells are as follows:

• Drilling requires a free marketplace size 4x12 m;
• entrance gate - width of not less than 3 m;
• slope surface area should not exceed 15 deg .;
• derrick height - 10 m, so it is necessary to check in advance, will not be hurt if branches or wires of power supply;
• well it should be located no closer than 3 m from the house, 50-100 meters from cesspools and waste dumps.

Eugene Kasatkin:

- necessary technical platform - for the entry and installation of equipment. Kindly make sure that in the place to drill no underground utilities, which can be damaged during work, and driving heavy equipment.

Often, developers have a question: Is it possible to drill artesian wells in the winter and gives Does it have any advantages?

Dmitry Polyashenko:

- Drilling of the well in the winter has its advantages - there are no big queues for drilling crews. Frozen ground at the site guaranteed sustain heavy weight drill rig, and the truck wheel does not smash the topsoil. The only limitation - the work is not carried out at the cold below -15 C. Because drilling in limestone made with flushing, the water freezes, making it difficult to work.

Construction of artesian wells

Water well drilling - a high-tech method of providing a country house with water. An important element is the artesian well casing.

Eugene Kasatkin:

- Casing - a design that does not allow the walls to collapse the well. Depending on the geology, using either metal or plastic casing.

Dmitry Polyashenko:

- The casing performs several important functions:

• reinforces the borehole wall;
• overlaps the intermediate aquifers;
• well protected against ingress of surface water and groundwater.

In most cases, the casing is made of steel. The most common type - seam steel pipe. More reliable, but also more expensive, seamless steel pipes.

To prolong the life of the well inside the steel casing is inserted into a plastic tube (production tubing) HDPE or PVC. If after 30-40 years in the steel casing corrosion crack appears or fistula, plastic protects artesian water from contamination.

The solid rocky ground, where there is no progress seams on small and medium depths, you can use thick plastic casing. But in fragile soils with a high probability plastic pipe is crushed or broken, and as a result lost the well and the pump.

Not recommended plant around the well galvanized or asbestos-cement pipes, despite their cheapness. Galvanized walled tubes and exposed to rust, as their thickness is less than twice the standard steel casing. Asbestos cement fragile. The chemical compounds of zinc and asbestos are dangerous to human health.

The next step is the selection of well completion and pumping of water-raising equipment.

Dmitry Polyashenko:

- The pump is chosen based on the requirements for the amount of water and wells passport.

The passport wells indicated the most important characteristics of the borehole - geological section, depth, diameter of the casing, well performance, static and dynamic levels.

Only properly selected and installed a pump able to fully unlock the potential of the well.

The pump is lowered into the well to a depth of 10 m below the dynamic water level.

This depth ensures that at times of peak water consumption when the dynamic level is reduced relative to the static maximum value, the pump will be in the water.

Based on drilling practices in the suburbs, all the problems of individual water supply at home for permanent residence can be solved via artesian well lined steel tube with a diameter of 133 mm, and the pump capacity to 3 m cc / h.

Selecting and installing the pump - this is only part of the tasks of completion of wells and putting water in the house.

Eugene Kasatkin:

- When the drilling is finished, the tube (30-40 cm) remains above the ground.

It is usually a temporary close the lid. Now you need to decide - where to install pumping equipment.

Dmitry Polyashenko:

- If the pump is lowered into the well, the pumping equipment (hydraulic reservoir, a control equipment, pipes, valves and fittings) are mounted on the surface.

There are two variants of arrangement of water-raising equipment

1. Caisson - a steel, welded and sealed with insulation design that is installed underground. Caisson well protected from ingress of polluted surface water and groundwater, and the well head and pumping equipment - from freezing and tampering.

When using insulated caisson can arrange water supply before building a house.

2. Adapter - a small metal bipartite design, the task of which is to connect the tube from the pump to the pipe going into the house to the taps. The adapter is used with a high level of groundwater. The prevalence of the adapter due to its low price and a small volume of earthworks. However inconvenient Adapter for maintenance or repair of wells, as installed at a depth below the freezing point and under normal circumstances hidden layer of soil.

Eugene Kasatkin:

- And the caisson, and the adapter are equally reliable. If there is a technical room - a basement or boiler room, it is possible to install the adapter and all the pumping equipment to put in the house. If such space is not, there is not enough space or want to reduce the level of noise that occurs during its operation, then all the equipment is placed in the caisson.

The final stage of internal work is pipe feeding device to the cottage.

Dmitry Polyashenko:

- Inlet water pipe from the well to the house is laid on the bottom of the trench. The trench is dug to a depth below the frost.

Before entering the house the last few meters of the pipe brought to the surface and protect from freezing fueling the electric cable. If the supply pipe is inserted into the house from the street is not over the wall and under the foundation through the basement, that heating cable is not needed.

After completion of wells need to select water treatment system.

Eugene Kasatkin:

- Indicators of natural water quality does not always comply with the applicable health and safety standards.

Because composition of the water can differ significantly in different areas, only an analysis of the water allows you to choose individual filtration and water treatment system. There is no need to install complex and expensive water treatment system, if carried out on the basis of analysis it turns out that you can do a simple filter system.

Unlike other sources of artesian well water in the composition is stable during the whole period of operation. Therefore, once is enough to carry out chemical and bacteriological analysis of water to pick up a water treatment system, which is then not necessary to supplement the other filtration equipment.

What to choose - a well or borehole? The answer users FORUMHOUSE find in this branch. Learn how to check the quality of the well can be here. All errors in the construction of wells assembled here.

Learn how to choose a pump station, you can in this topic. On whether permission to drill artesian wells need is told in this section.

Video about drilling available this link. From this a movie you will learn how to build the caisson. And this video - all the steps of the downhole assembly adapter.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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