Stone oven in questions and answers. From foundation to chimney

Cards for those who want a house with the oven: kinds of stone ovens when not needed foundation than Swede differs from the Dutch how to choose the size, and where to put the other niceties

In suburban life, there are things that seem to never change - people will always love "living warmth," oven or fire in the firebox of the fireplace. We have prepared cards that tell us what are the different types of furnaces, why homeowners install them so the correct way to do the foundation and how to be saved from the fire.

Content

• What kind of furnace selected
• How to determine the size of the furnace and where to put it
• How to make a foundation and when you can not do it
• How to make fire protection
• Which to choose for the bricks of the furnace device

Why stone oven still popular? After all, there are so many different ways of heating the house!

Because stove or fireplace do not just create in the house a special, cozy atmosphere - it is protection in case of possible technological failures, emergencies and natural disasters.

And:

• Stove or fireplace energonezavismy and work independently;
• They retain heat for a long time, do not overheat and does not desiccate the air;
• They have a high efficiency;
• They are easy to repair.

I want to rock, boiler-heating oven, but do not know which to choose. What are the popular varieties and that you recommend?

Traditional varieties of stone, boiler-heating furnaces

• Russian;
• Dutch;
• Swede.

Russian oven - the most difficult and cumbersome heating device with a stove bench and a variety of other components, and is typically done in larger homes. Modern Russian furnace modifications often erected in the barbecue area - it is ideal for the preparation of tasty food.
For the home area of ​​200 m² is sufficient Dutch or Swedish women.

Well, what about the Russian stove, tell us in detail how does it work and why it is so fond

In the Russian stove is incredibly high efficiency - to heat and it does not cool day because of smoke and streams of fresh air in her next move and exchange heat. Structurally, this furnace is divided into a bakery (there is prepared) and the furnace (firebox), which burn firewood. Food cooked in the Russian stove bakery, not be confused with anything: it languishes in the furnace, while maintaining all the vitamins and purchasing premium taste.

And what is different from the Dutch Swede, I confuse them 

Dutch created precisely as a heating furnace, but now it makes the hob. This device is much easier to Russian stove: combustion chamber, and the top of the maze dymooborotov. Smoke long moved on the tortuous path, and thus the heat goes away. In our country, Dutchwoman traditionally trimmed tiles - this option is considered a classic.

Swedish oven - an improved version of the Dutch oven with a vertical system dymooborotnyh channels. Swedish scientists have optimized it in the middle of the XVIII century, expanding the bottom part and the side providing the oven.

Swedish oven - the result of careful calculations. When completely compact size it warms up quickly, allowing you to cook food, heat the house and so on. D. Swede efficiency is slightly inferior to the efficiency of Russian stove, but this design requires accurate calculations. Stoke Swede twice a day.

What should be the size of the furnace? There are some criteria, or simply - the more, the better?

furnace size must depend on heat homes. There are sophisticated techniques that allow you to calculate the size with great accuracy, but our guru furnace section is considered quite working the table below.

There's also a simple rule: 130-35 m² furnace warmsm²houses.

We do not have mains gas, furnace heating only planned. How better and more profitable to do: put one oven, but most, or two, but smaller?

Two stoves in different parts of the house, especially the complex plan, to heat it evenly and efficiently than one. The benefit depends on the price of wood, and they are different in each region.

I want to put the stove in the bedroom, unload the basic premise of the heater! I think it would be cool!

But it is wrong. Bedroom belongs to the cold zone of the house. Furnace installed or in a special furnace, or in the dining room, the kitchen, the living room - but to flood remained in the residential area of ​​the house.

Another rule of thumb: the closer to the center of the house shall be established oven, the better. The furnace is not placed in a corner of the house - it will dramatically reduce the level of circulating warm air throughout the room.

But if it is an oven with a water circuit, circulation pump and expansion tank, it is set in some walls of the house, to make it easier to do the wiring panels.

A fireplace can be placed in any room at home or also have restrictions?

Restrictions is full. It can not be on the second floor (typically overlap are not designed for the weight of even a small kaminchika), in the correct form of the room of not less than 20 square meters with a three-meter ceilings to air volume sufficient for the normal combustion.
But too little fireplace will not be able to heat a large room. Masonry fireplaces have a rule:

area of ​​the flue box = 1/50 of the floor area.

Furnace window should "look" in the middle of the room.

I made a foundation under the stove, attached to the main strip. Am I right?

Not. Stove, like a cat - likes to walk alone, and foundations for heating installations must be self supporting. This will allow to protect the base from the frozen ground water, and progress from any side loads.

An exception is made in two cases:

• ground-quicksand;
• piles.

In the case of contiguity between the foundation and the furnace is set ribbon soft insert. But a wooden shield, for example, and not sand. The simplest soft insert on the foundation perimeter for the furnace can be made of foam slab 5 cm thick.

If, nevertheless, decided to do a common foundation for the house and the stove, you need to take into account the uneven load and an extra reinforcement in the concrete monolith between the perimeter and the main area for the foundation oven.

And at what level do then kiln foundation with respect to the foundation for the house?

In most cases the upper surface of the foundation of the furnace is lower by at least 10-15 centimeters below the level of the clean floor. It is necessary to lay waterproofing, and then two series of lower base in the true dimensions of the furnace. This will enable always to correct errors in the device of the foundation.

That is, the foundation needed absolutely every furnace?

Yes, if it is an oven that is heavier than 750 kilograms. But all the brick ovens are heavy, even a small 630h630 mm 1/4 brick lining has a weight of 700-800 kg. Given the weight of the bricks and mortar, en floor can be put only mikropechku 150, 200 maximum bricks standing on trenches and possibly folded on edge.

Which is better to use brick for the construction of furnaces and fireplaces?

MasterOk

For furnaces and fireplaces better to use brick plastic molding, dry pressing since brick is not withstand high temperatures.

It is very important that the bricks from which put the furnace and chimneys, was not unburned or overheated. It is also strictly prohibited to use the sand-lime brick.

The house is not heated. At what temperature the air oven can be placed and at what can not be?

The critical temperature and the minimum masonry furnace - 4 - 6 degrees.

Is the oven - it is not dangerous? Drop a spark of tops, wall or overheat - and all the fire!

For the safety of long-calculated fire cutting and otstupki. Otstupka - a safe distance from the furnace wall (the wall must be protected against heat and fire, and the distance can be closed and opened).

Cutting - is performed at the intersection of combustible construction house with a stove or chimney, and is completely non-flammable space.

Read more about fire protection can be read on the link at the end.

What is the sequence of the installation of stoves and fireplaces? At what stage of construction of houses should start doing heater?

At the stage of designing the house design oven, cutting and otstupki; furnace foundation is on the stage of laying the foundation of a house; during a masonry wall chimneys satisfied; masonry chimneys to make up the roof and finishing works. Work on fire protection are made simultaneously with the installation.

And you can do first cover the roof, and then make the furnace?

Yes, but the developer must be able to "weigh" and calculate the cross-section of the passage through the ceiling and roof. And this is only possible with the furnace or fireplace project on his hands: then it is possible to calculate the project at home.

MasterOk

The most simple and accurate: laying out on a dry size of future furnace bricks, the second row - this section of the tube, from which it is carried hanging plumb line - the opening of the pipe section, taking into account the fire razdelok.

Read on FORUMHOUSE article about problems and solutions stove heating private houses, Read about how to build their own Canadian oven. Find out, how to clean the chimney. For any questions on FORUMHOUSE can consult a professional masteram- oven-bird. Watch a video that tells the story of the construction of a real Russian oven according to an old model.

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