Technologies wooden frame housing

Until recently in our country frame house was poorly developed - basically everything was done only on a whim. Whereas in America and Scandinavia frame housing technology has come a long way, becoming a set of standard, well-established and proven solutions for years. Among artisans portal from Moscow to Vladivostok - weight adherents frame housing, erecting their own hands or under his control a small area of ​​cottages and country houses for permanent residence. How many people, so many opinions and abilities, so dozens of variations on the theme, but the original technology Construction of houses, wooden frame, two - a Canadian, she is American and Scandinavian, she Finnish. These technologies will be discussed in the material.

frame housing

The Frame-house construction, regardless of the materials used, whether it is wood, metal or concrete structures is a major element of the supporting framework, and not the walls. Most modern high-rise buildings in the erected on cast-frame technology, pouring concrete reinforcing frame, and masonry walls filling materials. In a particular construction of the most common timber frame, a few less common LSTC (light steel thin-walled structures) or home-made metal frames from the profile.

wood popularity is due to its availability and ease of handling, and durability correctly assembled karkasnik not inferior and stone houses that proved zealous Europeans.

Canadian and Scandinavian technology is considered a benchmark - their compliance with the guarantees as a result reliable, durable and energy-efficient design.

But there are some differences.

Frame houses using Canadian technology 

The portal many craftsmen who build "Canadian" and "Scandinavian" karkasniki for themselves, but there are professionals, which account for dozens of homes. One of them - Roracotta (Vladimir)"Guru" forum in the field of Canadian (American) technology, generously donate expertise in numerous topics. Construction of a frame house on the Canadian technology, "Canadian", as follows.

Roracotta (user FORUMHOUSE):

In Canada and America just this order of construction:

• Apparatus foundation and waterproofing;
• Installing piping, floor and lag coating OSB or plywood;
• Setting the frame walls (sometimes directly with the skin);
• Installing ceiling or floor slab lag the next floor;
• Setting the framework wall the next floor;
• Installing the roof system and roof sheathing OSB or plywood;
• Paneling finished the frame with plywood or OSB (if it was not done during the construction of the walls);
• Roofing;
• Installing exterior windows and doors;
• Laying of communications and utilities;
• Installing insulation;
• vapor barrier;
• GCR.

For this construction technology is characterized not only the erection of walls on the sub-floor platform, but also other features:

• assembly frame only from a dry timber, all elements of the board, if necessary, double / structures, no timber is in the corners, and in other parts of the structure;
• in the area of ​​the openings dual rack;
• openings reinforced rib mounted on the board (Header);
• double upper rail;
• at key points (corners, abutting walls, pillars) overlap the upper and lower row of strapping.

Particular attention is paid to the pro advises fasteners.

Roracotta (user FORUMHOUSE):

Properly assembled karkasnik not need any metal parts and brackets. Except for binding (fixation) of the roof to the walls or a separate "T" connections lag. The only thing tying the house is allowed to connect the special plates. But never seen them used.Attaching the stand 100 mm face to be hammered two nails (85 mm). On rack 150 mm - three nails on each side. For windy regions are added special steel belts that are nailed to the rafters, then, without a break - to harness and to the very desk along with nails.

For frame fixing elements of the technology involves the use of smooth nails. Using twisted or greater strength would not scored, but to work harder with them.

As the plating is applied almost anywhere SIR thickness of 12 mm. On the roof when the distance between the rafters is greater than 60 cm, are placed thick plywood. As frame trim is fixed by nails (45 mm) between the sheets allowed a deformation clearance (2-4 mm). Plates provide additional rigidity to the frame, eliminating the need for struts. In the wall plate can be mounted both horizontally and vertically, but horizontally, vrazbezhku, practical. On the joists and rafters are stacked strongly across.

Roracotta:

Frame house Canadian technology. One of the most important moments in the construction of karkasnika - steam. In Canada and America prefer thick, primary polyethylene 150-200 microns instead of specialized membranes.

• Polyethylene fix a stapler on the uprights with a pitch of 30-40 cm.
• Required overlap between the sheets (15 cm in both directions);
• Joints carefully sized special glue or a special adhesive tape having an adhesion to polyethylene;
• First insulated ceiling, then the walls, but if quality seal the joints, does not matter;
• Between the residential floors and the neighboring warm room, steam is not necessary;

• During the carcass assembly in the connection between the outer wall and the inner wall vertically stuffed strip of polyethylene (50 cm) from the floor to the ceiling. Subsequently to these protruding from the sides of the frame polyethylene bonded polyethylene total perimeter walls.

The main insulation commonly used mineral wool in all varieties - it's cheaper than the PSP (in Canada), and communication within the walls with insulation easier conduct. The foam is used, if the walls are too thin, and cotton will not be sufficient for regulatory heat loss resistance. Also, it is combined with wool for insulation of floors and for the elimination of thermal bridges on pillars. Classic wall "pie" Canadian karkasnika:

Roracotta:

From the inside outwards - the GCR, polyethylene or cellophane on a rack and the ceiling, pillars with cotton, SIR (9-12 mm) protective membrane, foam on the screws or special nails with wide strips, if the facade plaster. Everything. Do not listen to anyone and do not invent anything more. This circuit is tested for decades. On it are based all karkasniki on the North American continent.

Scandinavian frame building technology

Porcupine (Alexey), The founder of the theme of the Scandinavian technology frame housing in the forum, with his light hand, she went to mass, describes basis.

Porcupine (user FORUMHOUSE):

Technological chain of construction similar to the following:

• Made base - insulated slab or strip foundation (insulated floors on the ground);
• On the edges are placed exterior walls and bearing partitions, if they exist;
• Put a roof truss;
• The frame is sheathed outside and make the roof.

It turns out a large hangar on a foundation, and not without internal load-bearing walls. After creating a closed circuit, in a calm atmosphere, without the wind and rain gradually completed house. Completed the establishment of the foundation slab, floor heating and its filling, put internal partitions, insulated, is finishing and so on. N.

For Scandinavians are characterized by "semi-finished" - they are built primarily of housing sets different degree factory assembly readiness - from prefabricated modules to the set of finished parts (so-called pre-cut). If we are on the frame of the individual elements, followed by insulation and sheathing, then again, all the details to saw and numbered, is assembled at the project site.

We used most often it is this system, with the difference that all the elements are cut yourself. As a heater Scandinavians also prefer mineral or basalt wool (local), in recent years is spreading cellulose wadding (ecowool) - especially in ceilings and on attics.

As a Canadian, Scandinavian technology demanding the timber - dry planed board, no bar, only if it is not due to the peculiarities of the project.

The differences between the approaches of several.

Porcupine:

In fact, the Scandinavian frame - an upgraded version of a Canadian, Scandinavian, by virtue of living in the harsh climate, gives priority to energy conservation. A double and triple board (strapping openings rack), potential cracks and cold bridges which they chose to avoid. As a result, the corners and the jib in the frames are the same, but:

• cantrail single;
• rack of each wall throughout the embedded bolt;
• single rack at openings.

The presence of the bolt is a hallmark of Scandinavian framework, as it eliminates the need for strengthening of openings and replace dual upper stud.

Typical wall "pie" looks like this:

• exterior cladding;
• ventilation gap;
• front GCR MDVP (soft fiber board) or only the windscreen;
• a frame structure including the heat insulation of 200 mm thickness;
• vapor barrier (also often polyethylene 200 microns);
• an additional layer of insulation (horizontal furring and insulation);
• Plasterboard or other interior finishing material.

According to the pros, this arrangement benefits the walls due to the fact that the outer skin is not applied material with low water vapor permeability. Consequently, if in the process a vapor barrier devices were errors, the frame will not accumulate moisture. A necessary rigidity gets through internal and facade cladding, the Scandinavians it mainly natural wood, and have facades of Scandinavian motif karkasnikah increasingly common.

No matter which of the technologies will build a house (and it may be Canadian-Scandinavian, mixed version), the main thing - respect for these technologies.

Interested in Canadian technology of construction of frame houses - learning the finer points can "pass" in the themes of our user: as much detail about the Canadian technology - topics Roracotta, assembly subtleties Scandinavian frame - in Related Porcupine. About wooden and metal frames - the material "Tree or LSTC", A typical Scandinavian way of finishing - article on the fronts of edged boards. In the video - about Scandinavian frame house on the Finnish project, the Swedish foundation.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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