How to learn to read wiring diagrams Part 1

Having embarked on a very exciting and bumpy ride electronics study, all hams are faced with such a problem as the reading of the electrical circuits. This process is the subject of numerous scientific papers and more books, but often the information they supplied muddled and unclear. Starting with this article, I want to go with you learning the correct reading schemes from simple to complex and voluminous.

Symbol elements

But before you learn even the simplest scheme is necessary to get acquainted with the basic elements and their symbols.

As the designated power sources

Any scheme would be as it may be difficult or vice versa simply will not work without power. The system distinguishes between two types of power supply:

1. D.C;

2. Alternating current.

At this stage, we will consider you only direct current power supplies, which include: battery, batteries, a variety of power supplies, etc...

Despite the diversity of the existing elements in the schemes they have almost identical designation (there are some differences).

The battery (single electrochemical cell)

So the battery. Moreover, no matter what type it will be (AA, AAA, etc.) designated by two lines of different lengths. Moreover, a greater length line indicates the "+" and at "-".

The battery has a standard letter designation "G”

But many hams instead of «G» the designation "E". This indicates that the item is a source of EMF (Electromotive force).

If you are using a group of galvanic elements, the power supply is indicated as follows:

And the battery will have the following drive letter "GB».

Designation of wires and their connections in Scheme

Electrical wires carry out the most important feature: combine all the elements into a single network, and in fact forced to work our whole scheme.

In wire is set characteristics: cross section, material, insulator, etc...

But in the schemes most commonly used flexible wire assembly.

The printed circuit boards carry out the role of wire conductor tracks. At the same time the drawings that track that the wires are indicated by the same - straight lines.

Let's look at a simple example. In order to ignite the most simple incandescent lamp of 12 volts,

necessary by means of connecting wires, battery voltage to apply for a light bulb. And then in a closed circuit from plus to minus and the current flows, passing through the lamp, it will provoke the heating spiral and the lamp illuminates.

In the complex and multi-element circuit conductors often intersect. In addition, if at the intersection is not formed electrical connection, the point is not put in the diagram.

If formed at the intersection of electric connection, then a dot in the drawing and this compound is now an electrical node.

This site may well cross several conductors.

As denoted by common wire

In rather complicated schemes to improve the readability and not to overload the drawing, very often the conductors are connected to a common "minus" indicate not. And in place of them use special characters.

Just sign in with foreign schemes inscription found GND or GRAUND, Which translates as "the land."

But keep in mind the next time, that not all schemes common wire "minus". If you read the old Soviet scheme, there is often a common wire is the "plus".

Let's look at the following scheme

When it comes to that the potential at the point "1" is for example 10 volts, this means that the voltage to be measured between this point and the "ground" (battery minus). Method pointing just one point is convenient from the practical side.

As denoted in the radio circuits

Radio - is the foundation of any device and these include: resistors, transistors, LEDs, capacitors, diode bridges, and so on..

In order to read the scheme, you just need to know the conditional graphical notation of basic electronic components:

Let us now try to read the following simple LED power supply circuit:

In this scheme, for we have two new elements: the resistor and LED. The main parameter of the resistor is its resistance, which is indicated directly on the chart next to the conditional symbol of resistance. It is also often indicated, and power dissipation.

The parameters of the LED in the scheme are not specified, and are recorded in the specification of the schema.

So, our circuit is closed, which means it runs on electricity. Moreover, all elements are connected in series. This indicates that the current strength will be the same everywhere.

It is believed that the current «I» It flows from the positive electrode of power source through resistor «R», Light-emitting diode «VD» to the negative electrode.

The principle of operation of the circuit is very simple: the flowing current causes the light to LED, but in order that he (LED) is not burned, resistance serves as a current limiter.

At the same time, according to the second law of Kirchhoff, it will be different if we are measuring the voltage across the resistor and LED.

And if we add the resulting voltage, then their sum is equal to the supply voltage.

How to read a simple electric circuit with a minimum of parts, we like you understood. Learn to read more complex schemes (with examples) will be in the following articles, so you do not miss subscribe.

And if you liked this article, then put his finger up! Thanks for attention!