Facade of a stone house: what and how to finish?

Each of us have heard the expression "meet on clothes ...". Forumhouse.ru users are well aware that the modern construction market offers a variety of materials for facades. And this is not surprising, because the facade - the face of your home.

Often, the choice of material, many developers are guided by the principle of the facade: just to look pretty. However, they forget that the façade, in addition to the aesthetic function, protects the house from weather phenomena and helps to reduce heating costs.

To make your stone fortress turned into an energy-efficient and modern cottage, it needs the right facade!

This type of finishing is very popular. Because in addition to the spectacular appearance, a facade allows you to create a truly energy-efficient home. So what is it - warmed stucco facade?

Anton Borisov (Expert Corporation TekhnoNIKOL):

- façade plaster - a system external decoration of buildings, consisting of a heater, the reinforcing structure and the final coating. These facades are also called "wet" because plaster coating used for such systems, it comprises water.

The outer surface of the facades can be finished with decorative plaster, which allow you to create invoices virtually any color and texture patterns.

The advantages of such facades system relates the relative cheapness compared with ventilated façades. In addition, such systems practically no metal components (brackets, profiles, etc.) - the so-called cold bridges, on which the heat escapes from the premises.

Plaster creates the conditions for long-term insulation services, protecting it from adverse external influences.

these systems used for a country house, and for high-rise residential buildings. A montage of facades is possible on almost any type of walls: brick, concrete blocks, lumber, etc.

Andrei Petrov (Expert ROCKWOOL Company):

- The main advantage of thermal insulation systems of this type is the large number of finishes. It can be decorative plasters are not only different colors but also different texture and grain size.

In addition, in a private house-building weight can stick ceramic tiles instead of plaster to 20 kg / sq.m. Such house looks like a brick, but its weight significantly lower walls, and hence does not require device massive foundation.

But like any other facade, this system has its own characteristics:

• The base wall must be clean and smooth. Elevations than 1 cm in two meters must be aligned. In some cases, it is necessary to align the wall plasters.
• The presence of wet process involves a high dependence on climatic conditions. Installation recommended at temperatures below + 5 ° C and + 30 ° C. Pauses between assembling operations up to several days due to the necessity of setting and drying of cement based mixtures.
• Taped and zadyubelirovanny insulation should be protected from exposure to rain and dirt, as namely adhesion strength of the adhesive to hold the insulation base layer with reinforcing mesh and decorative plaster.

The thickness of insulation for the facade of this type of heating is selected based on the calculation.

Anton Borisov:

- insulation layer thickness for different regions and walls may be of different types. On average, it is approximately 100 mm. The most important thing - to choose the right insulation thickness, because it is not enough insulated walls can miss the cold.

Moreover, insufficient insulation thickness can lead to an effect of moisture accumulation within the system - the so-called "dewpoint '. This is due to the fact that warm moist air coming from the room through the walls, falling in the form of condensate in a heater, or remains on the boundary layers.

Thus, the constant accumulation of moisture leads to impairment of the insulation and the whole system, and further collapse of the facade. In order to avoid undue vlagonakopleniya, in such systems it is recommended to provide a vapor barrier layer inside the premises.

When installing this facade, in the first place, you must pay attention to the mounting technology with different types of insulation: expanded polystyrene, stone wool and extruded polystyrene. After all, it is from this largely depends on the durability and quality of the facade.

Denis Nikolsky (CEO of "H-DOM"):

- Before you finally decide on the type of insulation, it is necessary to know exactly which of the constructed walls of your home. If it is - cellular concrete, multislit blocks, it is necessary to know their grade and thickness.

If Thermal calculation shows that it is possible vlagonakoplenie inside the walls, it is necessary to increase polystyrene thickness (in façade systems "wet type" is used PSB-C 25F) or replace it with a mineral wool plate.

Andrei Petrov

- Plaster facade with a thin plaster layer requires more rigid mineral wool slabs with high peel strength fibers.

Thermal insulation in such a system is adhered via an adhesive to the surface of the cement walls and further fixed poppet anchors, yet they are called "umbrella", "fungus". Above the insulation base layer, a thin cement plaster 4-5 mm thick reinforced with fiberglass. Then there is a layer of plaster with different texture.

Thus, the entire decoration is kept thanks to the adhesive forces of adhesion to fiber slabs of stone wool.

Denis Nikolsky:

- Plug must be properly matched to the substrate.

In order not to make mistakes during gluing, it is necessary to observe a few simple rules:

• Install reliable scaffolding not only to insulate the facade of a plane, but the corners of at least one span. The distance from the forest to the facade insulation thickness should be equal to plus 400-500 mm.
• Pre-install window and door frames, roof mount, without a binder, to resolve the issue with the temporary vodostochkoy to time rain water does not hit the facade.

If the base bodied - brick, concrete, expanded clay, the expansible fixing plug zone is 45-50 mm, total length equal to the thickness of insulation anchors plus 50 mm.

If the base -.. Gas silicate, foam, slot brick, warm ceramics, etc., the spacing zone, depending on the brand of plugs to be equal to 70-100 mm.

Anton Borisov:

- If you are using extruded polystyrene, board surface to be treated: remove the top glossy layer hacksaw for wood or metal brush.

This procedure is necessary to improve the adhesion of the adhesive with a heater.

After the surface became rough slabs, it is applied to the polymeric adhesive and glued to the wall.

In addition, insulation boards are fixed with plastic plugs at the rate of 4 pc. 1 sq. m, the number in the corner regions is increased to 6-8 pieces. 1 sq. m.

Then extruded polystyrene plate fixed to the facade, and the plaster layer is applied to the base using polymer blends.

The mixture was applied to a reinforcing mesh milled surface insulation.

After drying, the base layer is applied to the decorative layer of plaster.

Installation of such systems is best done in the warm season, as the glue and plaster formulations may not work in sub-zero temperatures.

The service life of these fronts is not less than 50 years. It does not require special care. And due to the modern plaster mixes can make facade self-cleaning, all the dirt is washed off by rain.

brick facade

The facade, decorated with brick, can be called a classic. When such finishing any home, besides showy appearance, good resistance to various vagaries of the weather. The advantages of this facade may include long service life and the relative ease of maintenance. However, this depends on the quality of the material and its properties.

Sergey Birichevskaya (the company's "Red Square" Chief Executive Officer):

- Facing brick differs aesthetically appealing surface. In this case, it is frost and water resistant. Therefore, it can be used to perform almost any outdoor use.

Another advantage of bricks is a wide range of colors and variety of forms.

Currently, there are more than 5,000 variations of bricks that differ in size, shape, surface texture, as well as the performance characteristics: durability, strength, reliability, water resistance, frost.

Ceramic bricks mainly made of red clay and baked at a temperature up to 1000 ° C. Two basic methods are used to produce it:

• Plastic method: clay humidity 17 - 30% comes from the belt press and then calcined.
• The clay with a moisture content 8 - 10% compression molded under high pressure.

Sergey Birichevskaya:

- Specifications of ceramic bricks are fixed at a party from which it follows that the weight of the bricks can not exceed 4.3 kg. In addition, the characteristics of brick must be specified values ​​of frost resistance and durability.

Ceramic bricks of low quality and not appropriate charges may contain impurities or lime stone. This can badly affect the appearance of building, its strength, hardiness and security.

Brick veneer provides:

• reliable protection at home from precipitation;
• cottage gives impressive appearance and respectable;
• It has high water absorption and a low frost resistance, which increases the service life of the facade;
• facade does not require special care;
• brick, acting as a heat accumulator, increases the thermal inertia of the building.

Furthermore bricks, popular materials such as clinker and brick front.

Alexei Onishchenko (Head of Marketing Ltd. "LSR. Wall - North-West ") :

- Front clinker and facing bricks are designed to protect the main masonry walls from the effects of adverse weather conditions, they also fulfill a decorative function.

The service life of the brick facade, primarily dependent on the material quality.

Alexei Onishchenko:

- Facial brick must have strength mark M-150, water absorption - 6-14%, frost - F50.

Front clinker is obtained during the high firing clay. It has even more "powerful" features, which gives it greater durability and reliability: frost - F100, brand strength - M300 and water absorption - up to 6%.

Low water absorption and high frost resistance of clinker turn it into almost eternal material. A variety of colors and natural dyes, preserving brightness for decades, give facade clinker unique aesthetics.

Also, the reliability and durability of the facade depends on the wall material.

Alexei Onishchenko:

- Best of all, when the wall has a uniform composition, for example: warm ceramics and brick facade.

The ideal option walls - large-format ceramic stone size 510h250h219 mm front clinker or aerated concrete and brick facade.

With this embodiment, the wall does not require additional insulation and house turns warm, clean and durable.

The term of service of the facade, made of facing bricks, can exceed 100 years.

To this facade is fully displayed all its advantages, some rules must be followed.

Alexei Onishchenko:

- During erection of masonry facade must be protected from moisture, and in winter time necessary to apply the solution with antifreeze additives.

Salts that are included in antifreeze additives can lead to so-called efflorescence on brick masonry. Therefore, the front clutch is best done in the summer.

Features installation of insulated brick facade

A distinctive feature of this type of trim is a single-row layout after the insulation walls of bricks. Ashlaring connected to the inner wall of the house with galvanized mesh or flexible connections of stainless steel or glass-basalt. Such a construction may have a small ventilated air gap width of 2-4 cm between the insulation and the facing brick.

Andrei Petrov

- In this embodiment, the facade is used: heat insulation, flexible connection, and steel mesh material to carry the front brickwork. In some cases, the absence of the ventilation gap, may require a vapor barrier under the insulation layer.

With this structure can be used low density insulation, since the air velocity in a ventilated gap substantially smaller than in a ventilated facade.

It should be noted that all of these systems require a high level of training installers.

Such facade consists of several basic layers:

• main wall;
• insulation;
• ventilated gap;
• outer clutch.

Andrei Petrov

- ashlaring performed of bricks, usually has no significant thickness and at the bottom rests on a plinth, and on a plane by means of flexible connections galvanized (stainless) steel or fiberglass (basalt) fixed to insulate the wall.

Depending on whether there is already insulate the wall or it is being built parallel to the front of the masonry, use different types of flexible links. Thus, if the wall is made of reinforced material (concrete), the portion of the flexible link which is fixed in concrete, must have a screw portion and polyamide sleeve - dowel. If the inner wall is being built parallel to the front of the masonry, the flexible connection simply infest horizontal masonry joints.

The diameter of the flexible coupling is of the order of 4 mm, an average of the rate set 4 pcs. per 1 sq.m. walls and bury at least 50 mm.

To create a ventilated gap width of about 4 cm in the front of the masonry, within one floor, create a pair of ventilation air holes measuring 75 square centimeters for every 20 sq.m wall (at the base and under the cornice). If used in the masonry brick, the air holes can be a blank vertical seam. Also for the vertical joints have special ventilation device installed in the vertical joints between the bricks.

Andrei Petrov

- If you can not make a ventilated gap between the inner wall and the insulation, it is necessary to provide a device vapor barrier.

Solution with a ventilated gap is more preferable, from the point of view of maintaining comfortable climate in domestic premises, and in terms of durability insulate structures.

stone facade

Facade natural stone, due to its durability and resistance to weather conditions, tolerates extreme changes in temperature and has a long service life. The textured surface of the stone any home gives a unique appearance, making cottage elite house.

When decorating the facade of natural stone is most often used:

• granite;
• sandstone;
• marble;
• limestone.

Although this facade is considered one of the most expensive, at the user's view of our forum Amerexik, advantages of natural stone outweigh its disadvantages:

- Natural stone is always different from the artificial, as its colors, texture, and pattern unique. Natural stone has a positive effect on the human body and creates a feeling of oneness with nature.

Among the advantages of natural stone can be identified:

• Durability: natural stone will last you more than a decade;
• practicality, natural stone does not require special care;
• wear resistance and moisture resistance;
• security as an environmentally friendly material;
• reliability: natural stone will protect you from the cold in winter and from the heat - in the summer;
• aesthetics; house, decorated with natural stone, becomes like a medieval castle with a millennial history.

However, this facade, there are significant drawbacks.

One of the main disadvantages of natural stone is its weight. For example, the mass of limestone is 35-40 kg per 1 m. square, which places high demands on building technology.

Sarma38ru (Member FORUMHOUSE):

- Wall plastered need previously and, preferably, with a grid. Hang a stone need to tile adhesive for heavy tiles. The adhesive is applied on the wall, and on the stone. Between the stones should be left-temperature expansion joints of at least 5-7 mm.

Also, when the masonry facade of natural stone, special attention should be paid to the material of the walls and the presence of the insulation.

Gaser(Member FORUMHOUSE):

- finishing stone may crumble if it is poorly performed, and if the inner wall of the cake, for example, composed of aerated concrete, have a larger paropropuskanie than external.

This means that the steam passes through the brickwork, but can not pass through a vapor-proof stone facing. Condensing at low temperatures, steam boundary layer breaks the wall. Therefore it is impossible to coat aerated natural stone without careful calculation.

Also, many questions arise with respect to methods of fixing the stone on the wall. Some people believe that the stone should be based on the blind area, others - that the foundation. Who is right?

Joni777(Member FORUMHOUSE):

- Structural is generally below zero cladding layer, however, if the clutch from natural stone to rely on the blind area, in the event of frost heaving forces blind area can sit up, and masonry collapse.

The base for laying a natural stone must be an independent support, e.g. Area.

Also, be aware that sometimes predict how behaves natural stone on the wall, it is impossible. Validating mad-max, deciding to impose a bay window of his house sandstone, faced with such a problem:

- I would like to tell you how packed sandstone suffered winter. Peeled off, or approximately 15 bars, on average, one to two square stone. m.

After analyzing the situation forumchanin came to the conclusion that 50% of waste was due to the violation of gluing tiles technology. Stone before attaching not washed in water with a metal brush.

mad-max(Member FORUMHOUSE):

- When I looked closely at the tiles will fall off, I saw that the surface of the stone covered with a thin layer of clay, which prevented adhesion of the glue to the stone.

By Remark forumchanin the remaining tiles have fallen due to the low quality of the sandstone.

mad-max:

- It turned out that a strip of stone can separate into two sometimes three. And, despite the fact that the sandstone perfectly glued to the front, he still flew.

To summarize we can say that the choice of the facade and the installation should take into account every detail and carefully follow all the nuances of construction technology. Only in this way we can guarantee that the façade of your home will serve you faithfully for many years.

Learn all about the facades users forumhouse.ru can in this sectionour forum. Detailed and vivid story about how to properly glued stone on the facade can be read in this topic. Photos of the most beautiful and original facades collected here. In this branchour forum is conducted hot discussion of technology "wet front." How to insulate a house and decorate the facade ceramic tiles, you'll learn in this topic.

In that video It describes how to put the front brick. A wet plaster facade assembly technology shows here.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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