What is static electricity

Literally every one of us with you is faced with static electricity several times a day. For example, removing the (dressing) of synthetic sweater you and I can hear a light crackling, and in the darkness even see little sparks of static electricity. In this article I will discuss what is static electricity and how to fight it.

What is static electricity

Note. In the material will be considered generally accepted theory to explain the formation of static electricity.

The condition for the nucleation of static charge is considered a violation of atomic (or molecular) due to loss of balance, or vice versa, the acquisition of an electron. Average atomic state - this equilibrium when the amount of positively charged particles (protons) corresponds to the total number of negatively charged particles (electrons).

But the electrons on the outer orbits of the atom, can simply leave the orbit data. As a result, positive and negative ions are generated. This phenomenon is a condition of static electricity.

As is known, electric charge of an electron is equal to (-) 1.6 * 10 ^ -19 Coulomb. In this case, the proton has the same charge, but with a positive sign. Thus static electricity is directly dependent on the excess or deficiency of electrons, i.e., the total number of unstable ions.

Pendant is the main unit of static charge, which indicates the amount of energy that has passed through the cross-section of 1 second when the amount of current of 1 Ampere.

How the generated static electricity

The main factors leading to the formation of static electricity concluded in the following:

1. Contact and subsequent separation of the two materials from each other (the winding process of unwinding the web from the reel polyethylene).

2. Sudden changes in temperature (product placement in a heated oven).

3. The presence of high background radiation with high energy, ultraviolet radiation, X-ray radiation.

4. material by cutting operations (e.g., the work table saws or cutting apparatus of securities).

5. Guidance.

Most frequently the static charge formed in the production in the shops where the processing roll films and plastic sheet.

Even today this phenomenon has not received scientific interpretation, but the closest interpretation of static charge possible drawing parallels to get a flat capacitor in the hold the mechanical strength and separation plates is transformed into electricity. The magnitude of the resultant voltage is calculated as follows:

Ur = Un * (L1 / L2)

where: Un - original voltage

L1 - the final distance between the plates

L2 - the initial distance between the plates.

That is, when the plastic is in direct contact with the shaft, then a slight charge, "wandering" of the material to the shaft creates an imbalance. Once the plastic begins to leave the area of ​​contact with the shaft, the resulting voltage begins to rise until it reaches the breakdown voltage, which is formed between neighboring materials.

This may result in cracking and even a small spark.

For this reason, all the shafts are earthed conveyor belts, and in the design lines are calculated all the problem areas and methods eliminate static charge.

What problems has the static charge

The first static charge is extremely dangerous for electronics, such as the charge is able to damage the contacts, connection tracks or cause failure of other sensitive elements.

In this case, the vehicle static charge can be a man himself, so you should follow this rule: before you start working with such equipment is necessary to remove charge from the human body, it is sufficient to touch any metallic structure having ground.

Another negative factor that causes static electricity, is the electrostatic attraction or repulsion. This effect is also most evident in the production of plastics, paper, textiles, etc.

This effect by Coulomb's law. And if the items were charged with like charges, they repel each other when opposite charges, are attracted to it. If in this case only one member has a charge, it will provoke attraction by forming a charge on the mirror before neutrally charged objects.

Existing types of static discharge

There are three basic types of discharge:

1. Spark. This discharge can be initiated by a moderately conductive electrically isolated object. For example, the man himself - isolated part of the mechanism or the tool itself. There is an assumption that all of the energy charge is leveled during the formation of the spark.

2. Carpal. This charge is formed when the sharp details art accumulating charge on the dielectric their surfaces. This charge is characterized by lower energy when compared with a spark and is considered less dangerous.

3. Carpal sliding. This charge is formed by friction of the sheet or web of synthetic material with a sufficiently high resistivity. This type of static electricity as well is extremely dangerous, as its discharge effect is comparable to a plane capacitor discharge.

conclusion

Static electricity - is still very poorly studied phenomenon, but we have to deal with it literally every day, so be aware in general terms is necessary. In the following material I consider household component of this curious phenomenon. If you liked the article, check it out. Thank you for your attention!