Features of the drainage system in the country site

Any resident of the country sooner or later, puzzling question: how to divert water from the house? FORUMHOUSE users are well aware that excess moisture has a negative impact on the foundation, causing flooding of basements and greatly complicates the landscape works.

therefore and drainage system groundwater sanitation are key to long and trouble-free operation and cottage portion. We already talked about what to do, if the basement floodsand how to build a cellar with a high level of groundwater. It was the turn to talk in detail about the features of the drainage system of the device.

What is a drainage system and what is it for?

Drainage system protects the foundation from the negative effects of the hydrostatic pressure of the ground water, which reduces the risk of its admission into the cap. Also, the drainage system protects the area from flooding, waterlogging and waterlogging. If we ignore the device drainage system, it can reduce the life of the foundation due to its excessive waterlogging and the emergence of the destructive forces of frost heave.

Eugene Ants (Hydrotechnical engineer "EC Ekopochva - LD"):

- Task drainage system - removal of ground water, and lowering vadose GWL to design values ​​required for normal operation of the foundation plinth portion and Improvement.

Often developers question arises, is it possible to do without the drainage device, and if so, in what cases?

Andrew Jags (Expert Corporation "TekhnoNIKOL"):

- Each case must be considered separately. I advise you to take the recommendations of the Moscow Committee "Guidelines for Design and Construction of drainages, 2000".

Device drainage systems mandatory in cases of location:

• Improvement exploited recessed below the calculated groundwater level at or exceeding clean floor level basement over a calculated groundwater level is less than 500 mm.
• Operated in the recessed space clay and loamy ground, regardless of the presence of groundwater.
• Technical subfields and clay loam soil burial when more than 1.5 m from the ground, regardless of the presence of groundwater.
• Any structures disposed in the zone of capillary wetting when their operating conditions associated with a hard temperature-humidity conditions.

Andrew Pashuhin (Construction engineer company Fundamentalno.rf):

- a drainage device depends on the groundwater level on the site.

It is necessary to arrange in the case of the drainage system, if the groundwater level is approaching a critical mark for the foundation or so high that the entire area looks swampy, and there was nothing in growing.

It is not necessary to arrange the system in case the land is dry. The ground water level during the flood and abundant precipitation does not reach critical levels.

For preliminary evaluation of the groundwater level on the site can use the following method.

Alexey Korovin (Head of Design Bureau)

– If the site or neighbors have a well, the water table can be determined by the water level in the manhole rings. This is best done in late July-early August. The closer water is to the earth's surface, the higher the level of groundwater.

GWL can also assess the level of the water's edge of the lake or river (if they are next to the plot). It should be remembered that the waterlogged land makes it difficult or impossible to conduct landscaping and greening works.

Alexey Korovin:

- Many plants can not grow in waterlogged soil. For example, the apple does not tolerate excess water. Trees and shrubs due to lack of oxygen can begin rotting of the root system.

Thus, in the case of a high water table and without drainage the number of species of plants, shrubs and trees, which can grow and fruit on the plot is considerably reduced.

In addition, if you start to engage in the provision of drainage system after the house is built, laid garden paths and planted lawn, then will have to carry out the whole complex of earthworks on the already landscaped area that will lead to the deterioration of the landscape and the additional cash costs.

Eugene Ants:

- Although wetlands and waterlogged sites is clearly visible to the naked eye, to choose the methods of drainage and drainage on circumstantial evidence is not necessary. Complete picture can only give a hydrogeological study of the soil at the site.

What is the hydrogeological study of the site?

Different types of soil have different characteristics, which may significantly affect the choice of the route of the drainage system and its passage. It should also be borne in mind that the soil, the groundwater level on the neighboring property may differ from the soil at the site where the planned installation of foundations and drainage system. Therefore, this issue is not a better deal "by eye", and resorting to hydrogeological investigations.

This event will determine:

• Geological structure portion.
• Physical and mechanical properties of soils.
• Power supplies of groundwater.
• Mark groundwater levels, their chemical analysis. This will help you understand, at what levels is ground water to the surface of the earth and the projected foundation.
• What type of water: the pressure or not, its chemical composition and corrosiveness.
• Presence of water pressure. It is that the water is high enough, but blocked by the upper confining layer. Without breaking it, ie, not buried foundation, you can avoid the impact on the foundation of the house of groundwater.
• Filtration properties of soil and sand particle size distribution, which is the main conductor of groundwater - to understand what effect the drainage device to the composition of sand, would not suffosion removal of particles, which may lead to precipitation foundation.

The composition of geological engineering survey, include:

1. Execution of drilling.

2. Measurements of groundwater levels.

3. Sampling of soil and water.

4. Laboratory determination of physical soil characteristics, including also the definition of the filtration properties of soils.

Analysis of the results of research will allow to pick the optimal design of the foundation and the type of drainage system.

Types of drainage systems

Mistakes in the design and construction of the drainage system may occur several years after the beginning of its operation. Poetomuustroystvo drainage system begins with its design, and to begin to understand the basic types of drainage.

Drains are divided into local and general. Local drains are used to protect against flooding groundwater basement and basement premises, General - to protect the site.

You can select the following types of drains:

• Trim - protects against perched.
• Ring - protects the basement and basement and ground water from flooding.
• Formation - protects the basement and basement and ground water from flooding in a layered structure of a water-carrier and pressure of groundwater.
• Systematic. It is used for draining large areas.
• Ray. Used in draining the existing park areas. The characteristic feature of this drain - the delicacy of the root system of plants.

Andrew Jags:

- The reservoir drainage is arranged at the base of the protected structures directly on the water-bearing soil. Thus it is hydraulically connected with a tubular drains located on the outer side of the foundation, at some distance from the building wall plane.

Reservoir drainage system protects the facility from both flooding groundwater, and on the moisture of capillary moisture. The reservoir drainage is widely used in the construction of underground structures, constructed on low permeable soils, as well as the presence of a strong foundation for the aquifer. To protect basements and buildings in which at operating conditions is not allowed appearance damp when the these premises in the zone of capillary moistening the soil should arrange reservoir drainages.

Ring drainage (most often - a tubular drains) located along the contour of the protected building or a portion thereof. Action annular drainage based on the lowered groundwater level inside the protected circuit that provides protection against flooding underground facilities and underground parts of buildings. The depth of this reduction depends on the penetration tube, galleries or the filter portion wells relative to the groundwater level as well as the size of the protected circuit. Ring drains are located at some distance from buildings, because of this they can be installed after its construction. In this regard, the ring drainage favorably with the reservoir, which can be arranged only in conjunction with the construction of facilities.

Andrew Jags:

- drainage trim consists of drainage of wall constructions (backfilled, to be applied, installed) and tubular drains, laid on the outside of buildings and employees at the same time collecting and diverting drainage water pipeline.

Perimeter drainage is used both independently and in conjunction with other types of drains.

How to protect the basement from flooding?

If in the area a high level of groundwater, it is still at the stage of digging the foundation pit, he will be inundated with water. This can seriously affect the quality and performance of work rate. It is therefore necessary to foresee measures for water drainage.

Eugene Ants:

- It should be clearly understood that there is a normal drainage of the foundation, for example MZLF. In this case, we are protected from the harmful effects of the foundations of groundwater and reduce the risk of frost heaving forces. And there are a range of measures to protect against flooding of basements and cellars.

The risk of flooding exists at the device basements in loamy and clayey soils and groundwater level difference between the marks and the marks basement floor (base) of less than 0.5 meter. In these cases, the drainage device is required.

Device drainage foundation allows you to:

• increase the stability of the structure;
• remove the adverse factors of swelling in the winter;
• improve the performance of hydraulic protection of foundation structures.

Lead groundwater from the ground floor is performed by the device an annular drainage system. The meaning of her work is to collect groundwater at the desired mark and discharge of this water to the receiving collecting well.

If basement flooding has already begun, it is necessary to take the following measures:

1. First we need to understand and assess the extent of flooding. On this depends the further work plan. If there was a leak somewhere locally, you can use special hydrophobic compounds with inektiruemoy implementation system.

2. If, however, it began flooding the whole area of ​​the ground floor, then without drainage pits device and additional basement waterproofing measures are indispensable.

How is the drainage area?

One technique of drainage system device is as follows:

1. According to the construction of the perimeter, around which you want to arrange a drainage ditch dug and maintained the required bias necessary for the natural flow of water.

2. The bottom of the trench is filled and compacted river sand bed 10 cm, maintaining a predetermined slope.

3. The trench is lined with geotextile. It is necessary to separate the layers and prevent siltation of gravel.

4. Poured crushed granite layer is 5 10 cm, maintaining a predetermined slope.

5. Drainage pipes are laid. Pipe or drains (usually used in pipes with a diameter of 110 mm) has a slit or perforation hole diameter 1.5-5 mm.

They are arranged over the entire circumference of the pipe. Some drainage pipes are provided with membranes of the filter materials - geotextile "jacket", which prevents the pipe from the quick sedimentation.

Pipe, wrapped geotextileIt applies only in clean medium and coarse sand. In other circumstances it quickly, within 2-4 years of operation, bridging (silting), so on other grounds used geotextile tube without the wrapper.

6. After laying drains her sprinkle granite rubble of fraction 5-20. It turns out that the tube is surrounded schebonchatoy "jacket", which is separated from the layer of sand and soil geotextile fabric.

7. The edges of the geotextile overlaps with stacked on each other, and further trench is filled with the excavated soil.

To monitor the operation of periodic cleaning and drainage pipes (which uses a fire hydrant) arrange manholes. According to the requirements of SNIP, they accept no less than 50 meters on straight sections of drainage, as well as in places of bends, crossings and changes in slope of pipes. Drains collected water enters the water inlet well. Its dug at the lowest point portion.

Eugene Ants:

- Often the question arises - where to take this water. It can take:

• a settlement livnestochnuyu network;
• into a ditch;
• in a ravine;
• into the stream;
• in absorbing capacity.

Permitting the relief, the water in the drainage well fed by gravity. If this is not possible, you have to use the pumps.

Andrew Pashuhin:

- In this regard, the use of the pump gives greater freedom in deciding where and how to drain away. This simplifies the execution of works, as it is not necessary to monitor compliance with the outlet pipe.

It also allows you to reduce the amount of excavation work due to lack of the need to dig deep into the slope. Installation of pump requires a competent selection and adjustment of engineering equipment, as well as summing up a supply line.

Major errors are allowed in the device drainage system

The most common errors are:

• applying drainage of wall (pipe-in-soles elevations foundation) for removing groundwater;
• applying a geotextile tube in loam and sandy loam soil, which inevitably leads to clogging of the filter;
• Use levels during pipe-laying and leveling instead theodolite;
• livnestochnyh installing drainage wells instead.

Alexey Korovin:

- One of the most common mistakes developers around the device becomes the foundation drainage system only. Practice shows that this is not enough. It is mandatory to mount more and gutter system that will divert rainfall from the roof in livnovku.

Moreover, it is impossible to combine in a single tube and drainage livnovku because this will lead to the opposite effect - in the rainy season, the drainage system can not cope with excess water. Will occur over-wetting the soil near the foundation, frost hit and this will cause ground heave, which can lead to deformation of the blind area, shifting of the foundation or its destruction.

Livnovka made from conventional sewers orange, which are intended for laying in the ground, and the water inlet chutes, where water is removed by the drainage system. Water from livnovki also diverted to the water inlet well. The water collected in the sump water inlet, can be used for irrigation or technical needs.

How to be installed drainage system? All methods are here. Learn about what the water prevents live on the site, users can FORUMHOUSE in this topic. A detailed photo report on the drainage device is here and here. If you go this link we can see how to make the site drainage.

In that video It describes how to make a basement waterproofing. And this a movie you can learn about all the nuances of the device drainage system.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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