Features design and construction of stairs in private homes

No matter what material will be built staircase, in the first place, it must be reliable and convenient.

To achieve this, one must first understand its design features and consider all the details.

From our material users forumhouse.ru will learn:

• Which ladder can be called comfortable?
• What are the different types of ladders?
• What is a string, baluster, kosour, treads, risers?
• How to start a ladder calculation?
• What features should be considered when mounting the stairs in a wooden house?
• What you need to know about the monolithic stairs?

Features stairs design

The following factors should be considered when designing the staircase:

• design houses and buildings;
• space allotted under the stairs;
• the material from which the house is built, and built the walls, ceiling and floor.

Often, in the pursuit of design refinements, the developers forget about the main purpose ladder - ensuring a comfortable and safe ascent and descent.

Therefore it is necessary to think in advance:

• where and how will be placed a ladder;
• the material from which it will produce;
• what area it will occupy in the house.

If the stairs to the calculation started another house design stage, it is possible to virtually move the walls, change arrangement of rooms, change the location of door and window openings, and thereby set the ladder subsequently as efficiently as possible in house.

It is best to position the ladder so that it simultaneously connects several rooms, but did not go into a corner or in a closed room.

In the design of stairs must be remembered that:

1. For the convenience of walking up the stairs of her climb angle should not exceed 45 degrees.

2. If the ladder is installed in the hall, it is necessary to think in advance of the opening size in the concrete floor, and in the case of a wooden house - the location of the support and bearing beams.

3. If for any reason the design of the staircase is postponed to a later stage of construction, the minimum dimensions of the opening will be:

• aperture width - 1 meter.
• aperture length - ceiling height + thickness of the overlap of the second floor.

Ceiling beams in the house must be put along, rather than across the intended aperture ladder!

Vit1959 (Member FORUMHOUSE):

- Before ladder calculation, first of all, you need to imagine how it would look like as a finished product and see if it will fit into the interior of the house.

To get the most convenient staircase, in front of her calculation should know:

• the height of the finished floor of the first floor to the second floor finished floor;
• aperture length of the ladder;
• ladder width of the opening;
• slab thickness;
• the direction of movement of the stairs;
• the material from which it is planned to make a ladder, as there are some moments when the material determines the final design of the stairs.

Basic elements of stairs

What are the main types of staircases and their elements:

• Spiral staircase. This is a vertical, circular staircase with a turn of 270 degrees or more. The main carrier element therein serves pillar to which are attached in a spiral stage. This staircase is considered the most compact, but at the same time uncomfortable, because of its heavy lifting elderly and drag oversized cargo.

• Staircase with goose-stepping. Its stages have a non-standard form - slanting or oval cutouts. They can fully fit a foot of one leg. This ladder is suitable for installation in confined spaces.

• Saddle stairs - steps which are supported by the bottom beams (stringers) on both sides.

Kosour - is the carrier beam flight of stairs, which are based on top level.

• The staircase on the string - it supports both steps below, and with the ends of a bowstring.

String - is the carrier beam flight of stairs, which is adjacent to the side of the steps.

• Tread - a horizontal step portion without overhang.
• Baluster - support column railing, made in the form of a columnar shape. It is produced by turning, concrete or cast into a mold.
• Balustrade - guard the landing or balcony above the staircase.
• Risers - the vertical element, which supports the stage. It is used as additional support for the tread. Increases rigidity and design helps visually distinguish between the interval between the steps.
• Stairway - straight staircase without winders.

A flight of stairs - the distance between two landings. The recommended number of steps in one march - not more than 15.

• Staircase with zabezhnymi steps.

• Staircase with turntable. It has spacer elements (rotating platform) marches between which are arranged horizontally (in the beginning or the end of March) and serve for the entrance or exit to march from it.

In the last two designs ladders dwell, because they are the most common.

Eugene Fedyaev:

- winders subjectively look more beautiful than the playground. As well as saving space.

Space saving is obtained at the steps step, because one turn usually placed three stages. Stairway to the ground is much more convenient and comfortable to use.

Eugene Fedyaev:

- The fact that the winders radiate from the ladder rotation, respectively, closer to the center, they are narrowed, that initially presents some inconvenience.

We need to get used to the fact that on a ladder with zabezhnymi steps have bottlenecks. The site also lacks such a "flaw".

There is also a number of special formulas, which can determine the parameters and ease of stairs.

When working keep in mind that with them:

• tread width must be within 250-300 mm;
• step height shall be in the range of 150-200 mm.

When other parameters staircase can be uncomfortable or even dangerous!

Vit1959:

- When there is enough space, and steps in the above-mentioned parameters fit the norm, it is better to make a ladder with a platform.

If the design turns out that the court reduces the width of the tread of less than 250 mm and the height of the step is raised higher than 200 mm, the pad should be replaced zabezhnymi steps.

Is it possible to make their own convenience prikidochny ladder calculation?

Let us turn to the members of the forum experience. For example, given the size of the height of the finished floor one floor to the finished floor of the second floor, you can estimate how many steps we have together on this segment.

Vit1959:

Suppose the height between floors have is 3000 mm. A convenient range of steps height is 150 mm to 200 mm. On average, it turns out 175 mm. Dividing the total height (3000 mm) on average (175 mm), we obtain - 17.14 levels.

Features of stairs in wood and stone houses

Design features staircases are directly dependent on the material from which made the house. According to its users of our forum with the nickname sonder RZN, if the house - a wooden, the staircase and in it shall be made of this material.

Alexander Ax (nick on 44alex forum):

- In my opinion, in a stone house is better to make a monolithic concrete stairs.

First, consider the features of stairs in wooden houses.

Denis Andreev (head of the carpentry workshop Avtor, cabinetmaker)

- Wooden house, as opposed to brick or concrete, with time shrinks. It can be up to 100 mm. To avoid deformation of the ladder, it is necessary to "untie" with the support elements of a wooden house.

Also, the ladder can be secured using slide fasteners.

Special requirements for wood used during the manufacture of stairs.

Eugene Fedyaev(Member FORUMHOUSE):

- The basic requirement which is presented to the wood - its degree of humidity.

The tree should be dry and have no more than 8-10% moisture.

Denis Andreev:

- For the manufacture of stairs, especially steps, you should use solid wood. For example: larch, oak, beech, maple.

Pine or linden - a soft material. Since the rung of the ladder are exposed daily to the increased abrasive loads, they quickly come into disrepair.

For greater reliability in the construction and use grained wood without knots. But, in some cases, for the interior in the style of "country" or "Provence", you can use wood with knots and even cracked, the main thing in this case - to observe wood processing technology.

Once all the wooden ladder elements are made, it is carried out a rough cut. During this assembly, a final fitting and adjustment of all components is checked geometry design and ease of movement of the stairs. Then dismantle the stairs and color before final assembly. However, not all paints are suitable for this work.

Denis Andreev:

- Varnishes and oils for finishing is necessary to apply special, hard and resistant to abrasion.

If the ladder is based in the ever-heated house, the antiseptic process it is not necessary.

Eugene Fedyaev:

- Before the final assembly of the staircase it is usually coated with polyurethane varnish and toning.

Any ladder will last a long time if it is properly designed, manufactured and installed.

Regarding the monolithic stairs, then there are also a number of features.

Monolithic Stairs - reinforced bearing structure made of reinforced concrete, to fill which, in turn, is required to make a pre-timbering.

Alexander Ax (Member FORUMHOUSE):

- Even at the stage of construction of the house is necessary to provide mortgages under the monolithic staircase. It is also desirable, at the same time laying the side walls, and cast a site to make reinforcement issues from it for themselves staircases of 30-40 cm.

If the mortgage were not provided in advance, it increases the amount of work, as We have to make additional fixing elements.

Construction of monolithic stairs can be divided into several stages:

1. We expect the height and width of the steps.

2. We make the preliminary layout.

3. We collect from boards foundation formwork.

4. Knit reinforcement.

Alexxxxx(Member FORUMHOUSE):

- Monolithic ladder calculated under the load of two times greater than the overlap. Working reinforcement should be as close as possible to the edge of the march, but no closer than 2 cm.

The optimum width of the flight of stairs - 1200 mm. Min - 900 mm.

Alexander Ax:

- After pouring concrete formwork and curing steps is better not to take the stairs to the finish trim. Or is necessary to provide temporary lining the stage - or the concrete will be erased, and the angles of the steps - to break away.

Most often, monolithic staircase plastered, and the steps are lined with wooden or stone plates.

What to look out for when installing a monolithic stairs:

• If you intend to final finishing of walls, then a flight of stairs need not be arranged close to the wall, or the wall then it will be difficult to plaster, plasterboard and sew etc.
• If the walls of the house are made of soft materials: concrete, foam concrete, arbolit, in those places where they will build a reference channel ladder, additional support should be provided from the brick.
• The thickness of the finished floor finish must be considered before mounting the stairs.

If this is not provided in advance, the increase in thickness of the floor lead to a reduction in the height of the first stage.

All about making ladders collected information in this section. How to build their own wooden Saddle stairs, users forumhouse.ru can learn in this topic. That choose Gameday - stairs with zabezhnymi steps or a turntable? The answer can be read here. Here Gameday answer questions related to the concrete stairs.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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