Solid fuel heating stoves: Types and Characteristics

Despite the large variety of modern heating systems, solid-stone stove is not going to give up their positions. Properly designed and qualities of the stone oven can heat a house and a person pleasant radiant heat, you can cook food in it. Such a furnace, if it embed exchanger (register), is able to heat water for the hot water system and become the heart of the heating system of a country house.

In addition to purely practical application, stone oven can be a real gem of even a modern cottage. Not surprisingly, many suburban homeowners want to get a stove.

Russian, oven-Dutch, oven-Swedish - some of them prefer? Make the right choice to help FORUMHOUSE experts. From our material you will learn:

• Getting Started Select the type of stone oven.
• What does the term "thermal efficiency of the furnace."
• What requirements must meet the modern chimney.
• What to look for in the construction of boiler-heating furnace.
• What distinguishes the oven from the oven-Dutch-Swede.
• What features have Russian oven.

How to choose a stone oven

By competent and, most importantly, a conscious choice of rock-type furnace largely depends on the convenience of its use, safety and comfort of living in the house. Determine the type of stone oven is necessary at the stage of designing the house. No wonder professional stove-makers, there is a saying: "we dance on the stove!".

If integrate with respect to an easy stove in the already-built house is still possible, try to build a real Russian oven in the finished cottage is often doomed to failure. It affects large weight and dimensions.

Having taken a firm decision to get a stone oven, you can not hope for the best. It is important to consider all, starting from the bearing capacity of soil under the foundations of the furnace, before step trusses, such as floors, roofs and roofing.

About the technical aspects of building a stone oven in detail in the article "Stove heating in a modern house. Problems and solutions ".

There are some common types of stone ovens: Dutch, Swedish, Russian oven. To choose, it is necessary to understand in advance the purpose for which you need a stone oven, which mode it will be operated.

One option, if the oven is only considered as an element of decorating the home, but quite another if you need a full-fledged heater. Often, in the pursuit of design "delights", many developers forget that the stone oven should be a balanced system built on the basis of competent calculation, taking into account the requirements of homeowner.

For example, if the house is only operated in the "cottage" with a rare winter arrivals, the main requirement for the oven - a quick warm-up and increased heat in the first hours after her kindling. In this case, it makes no sense to build a large and heavy furnace increased heat capacity.

Conversely, a house for permanent residence imposes other requirements to the furnace characteristics. Here, on the first place its heat-retaining capacity (which depends on its mass), and its coefficient of performance (efficiency of the furnace). directly impacts on the efficiency of the furnace efficiency of its operation (e.g., one tab fuel), its power consumption and heat dissipation.

Optimally, the heating furnace is at the center of the house. This allows you to heat the rooms.

MasterOk (User FORUMHOUSE):

For efficient operation of the furnace, in the first place, it should calculate its size. The dimensions of the furnace depends on the heat the room where it is installed. To calculate the heat loss of all heat loss summed walking through the building house construction. For clarity, you can use the data in the following table. It shows the dimensions of the furnace volume space and its location at ceiling height of 3 m and an outer air temperature - 25 ° C.

It is also important to choose the correct chimney.

Alex Markovets (SHIDEL Head of Technical Department):

Essential element of any furnace - a chimney. In place of popular brick chimneys (because they are worse resist moisture and acid, which leads to their destruction) came modern made of steel and ceramics. These chimneys have a long service life, ease of installation and operation.

Ceramic chimney, with proper maintenance, will last as much, and the house. It's worth noting that the ceramic chimney due to the large weight is not on the stove itself, and is mounted on a special support. Also, when choosing a chimney should be guided by the following rules:

• Gas tightness. The design of the flue gases must be excluded from entering the room and the pressure drop in the channel.
• Resistance to high temperature and corrosion resistance, since condensate in chimneys comprising acid.
• High thermal resistance. The materials which make up the chimney, must have high thermal insulation properties.
• Increased fire resistance. Because chimney passes through the ceiling and roof, the design and materials used in the construction must prevent the spread of fire.

After reading an article about the fire regulations and distances, you know, how to mount a sandwich chimney.

When selecting stone oven should also take into account aesthetic preferences of homeowners and features interior space. Because in one case it is appropriate construction furnace in high-tech style, the other the best choice would be a classic oven-Swede or a real Russian oven, lined with tiles.

In addition to space heating in the oven, you can cook a meal. One such option would be the construction of boiler-heating furnace. It is necessary to consider a caveat. Take and simply attach to a conventional oven cooking surface - not the best choice. And the furnace will be bad in the winter to warm, and cooking becomes a torture, because In this case, most of the heat from the burning wood instead ware absorb furnace body. Accumulating an energy bricklaying dissipate heat into the room in which, and so becomes hot during cooking. In the summer the situation even more worse.

The solution may be a special construction of the heating-cooking oven proven design and use as a cooking surface of the iron plate 8.6 mm thick. This hob is equipped with burners with special inserts. In the process of preparing food liners can be removed and thereby flexibly adjust the contact area of ​​the bottom pan or saucepan with fire and the degree of heating.

Properly designed and built boiler-heating the oven should be well heated hotplate. In this furnace itself should not be heated to high temperatures. Those. part of the heat evolved oven must concentrate on the cooking plate, without unnecessary dissipation into the room.

MasterOk (User FORUMHOUSE):

In my opinion, today the furnace in the house - it is a rational necessity. I advise you still at the development stage of the project to provide the presence of the iron furnace stove. It will be a kind of insurance against any emergency situation: turn off gas, electricity and etc. You can always cook a delicious and, most importantly -Hot meal, despite any cataclysm.

When choosing the design of the stone oven should think in advance who is going to put it. It is necessary to calculate the financial component. In the case of self-construction, a novice in matters of oven you need to choose the design of the furnace, which will him on the shoulder.

So:

•  Efficiency of the furnace, depending on its destination (decorative, heating, heating and cooking) should be from 40 to 80%.
• Ease of use and safety of use. Good oven should not give fervor in all operating conditions and at any position of the valves. Ideally, the furnace should provide uniform heat for at least 12 hours at a single fuel tab.
• Material of the furnace, and its structure should be protected from burn for short touch to its surface.
• The use of quality materials, ensuring long life of the appliance without the need for its repair. For a guide period of operation settlement furnace must equal or exceed the operating period at home.

• Apart efficiency, the furnace must have aesthetic appeal and fit into the interior, and a foreign object does not appear. Practice shows that it is technically perfect design beautiful and harmonious.

The main types of stone ovens

"Dutchwoman", "Swedish", "Russian stove" - ​​each of these has their own characteristics, which need to know to make the right choice.

Oven-Dutch

This furnace has been known since the sixteenth century. It refers to the channel type that has a direct impact on its thermal performance. The main feature of this oven is that it can be folded independently (as opposed, for example, the Russian oven) even a novice master.

The operating principle of Dutch is as follows: path dymogazov oven specially lengthened (they go through special channels). As a result dymogazy give more heat furnace body. The furnace itself is simple in design, it is not characterized by its large size. This invention fished her country because place in Dutch homes by large oven was not. So often in the house was built in oven, stretching a few floors up. When this construction is obtained, though high, but not too hard (or you would not have stood the houses overlap in those years).

Also on the thermal performance of the furnace-Hollandka influenced Holland climate. Thaw is an abrupt change of frost, from the sea can blow a strong wind, although in general the Dutch winter is very mild and of short duration. Therefore residents required furnace capable of quickly go to the working mode with a small weight pledged fuel.

Result - Dutch warms up quickly, but due to the low weight, high heat capacity is different and cools rapidly.

Having summarized all of the above, it can be said that the Dutch for the role of the villa of the furnace, as she:

• Simple in design, has a relatively low weight and fits into a small room.
• The oven can be built into a cooking stove and used for cooking.
• Fold Dutchwoman afford even a beginner Pechnikov.
• This oven does not ruin: for the construction of a large Dutch oven, on average, need 650-700 pieces. brick. And of refractory bricks only need to upload the furnace.
• Dutch has an increased heat transfer, so-called "Quick Start", and can heat a room with an area of ​​50-60 sq.m.
• It does not need regular protopka. Start the oven immediately after a prolonged shutdown.

 Among Dutch shortcomings can be noted:

• Furnace efficiency rarely exceeds 40%. This means that the furnace be considered as a main heater for permanent residence is not worth it.
• If you do not close the damper has protoplennoy furnace, the Dutch quickly vystuditsya because due to channel-type cold air instantly tightened oven.
• A small heat capacity leads to the necessity of frequent furnace firebox.

Oven-Swedish

Swede has an efficiency of 60% and above. For this indicator, it is close to the Russian stove. While having less weight and, therefore, consumption of materials, the Swede could be a good candidate for a heating furnace in a house for permanent residence.

Just like the Dutch, thermal performance oven-Swede explains the climate of Sweden. Severe frost, humidity, fuel quality deficiency led to the necessity of constructing a furnace which:

• can cook writing;
• can quickly heat the house and its inhabitants in a severe and long winter.

Chip furnace Swede was the presence of iron oven, the cooktop and, optionally, a niche in which to dry wet clothes.

Initially we thought it was a Swede as a heating and cooking stove, fuel economy. By virtue of its design features, the Swede does not like downtime. It is freezing cold and gaining moisture before regular furnace oven it is necessary to dry the booster protopkoy.

Swedish is designed for year-round heating and cooking in the house of a relatively small area. Optimal location Swede - is the center of the house - a partition between the kitchen and living rooms. In this case, the heat goes to heating the kitchen, and a part - to heat adjacent rooms. In addition to the furnace can be attached to a traditional Swedish couch. Above her bed Swedes satisfied, and at the bottom, in the drawers, kept things to dry. Also Swede fireplace can be combined with, or integrate into the register for the preparation of domestic hot water system.

Among the main advantages of the furnace-Swede may be mentioned: a high efficiency, economical operation, quick warming is increased heat and the possibility of cooking, has a small size and high variability design. Swede can be massive, emphatically rough, small, decorative, decorated with modern materials, or tiles - antique.

For all the merits, Swedish demanding on the quality of materials and difficult for independent manufacturing newcomer in the furnace case.

Russian oven

Russian oven - classic, known to us for many centuries. On this furnace can say that its design has been perfected. This oven can be a decoration for any country house. Russian furnace efficiency exceeds 60%, and particularly successful designs can reach 80%.

Among the main advantages of Russian furnace it is possible to allocate the increased heat storage capacity. Good protoplennaya Russian oven may give off heat for 1-2 days. Heart and main secret is its Russian furnace firebox. In it, thanks to the special structure formed complex similarity virtual flue. As a result, most of the heat remains in the furnace and does not take off the pipe.

In the Russian oven can cook unique in its taste characteristics and healthy dishes. It can sleep fine on the so-called loft even for 5-6 hours.

Because source of the fire is in the depth of the furnace, the furnace has a high fire safety: the probability that a spark or coal will fall out, is extremely small.

However, anyone who has planned the construction of a real Russian oven, you should know about its main features.

The furnace has large dimensions, material consumption, weight, and has a significant load on the ceiling. Fold-quality Russian oven can not every master takes experience and relevant knowledge. Combination of these factors leads to a significant increase in the cost of such a furnace.

Russian oven for a long time warming up, therefore not suitable for the operation of the villa, as after long periods of inactivity it requires daily protopka. Furnace operation can not be automated. Due to its thermal performance, if the Russian plan to use the oven as a heater, then it is better to put in the middle of the room, and it takes a useful living space.

Despite these features, a growing number of those wishing to build a home in a Russian stove every year. That such work does not hit the pockets of construction can be divided into several stages:

• First erect the foundation.
• We add up the oven.
• Making oven finishing.

Thus, slowly, for 2-3 years, you can get a real Russian oven. Russian often oven trim tiles. Such decoration adds a special oven, a unique look, turning it into a piece of furniture, which will be admired, and the next generation.

On FORUMHOUSE possible ask your question Pechnikov. It discusses basics of building stoves and fireplaces. Also, you can see all the stages of the construction of a brick furnace chamber with bread, discover, how to choose the best type of furnace, Read about the stages of design and construction Canadian furnace bunk. Read the article, which tells how to put a fireplace with his hands. Watch a video about a real Russian ovenAnd this video you will learn how to mount the flue system.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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