The assembly of a switch: forward and assemble

As the theater begins with a hanger, so the electric network of any house begins with the electrical - the most difficult and important element of the chain. Flap - the central control unit electrics of your home or land. From its correct operation depends on a reliable supply of energy to all consumers of energy, and the safety of the hosts.

Rules assembly of electrical panels

Shield - electric high hazard class. Collect it yourself can be only with appropriate experience and the necessary knowledge. At a minimum, you need to understand the schemes connection and the principles of the modular units - RCD Emergency circuit breakers, etc. Therefore, many prefer to order development circuit boards and assembly by professional fitters.

Many users FORUMHOUSE successfully cope with this task themselves, listening to the advice of more experienced members of the forum. IN "Electric" section It has accumulated a large collection of schemeselectric boards for different purposes and successful build projects shields with their hands.

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Apparatus switchboard

In this introductory article, with the help of online users, we'll show you how to be a proper installation switchboards and try to reflect the important details that need your attention, if you decide to build with his own hands.

It happens that inexperienced homeowners confuse two different types of devices: an introductory accounting board (CB) and the switchboard (Qp). In the first case, a shield (or rather - the cabinet, located on the street, on the support) contains a minimum of equipment: sealable opening the circuit breaker, a counter metering and RCD (RCCB off). Distribution same board, unlike the cabinet, usually installed in a room, and depending on the number of users, may comprise dozens Emergency circuit breakers and RCD.

Assembling ASE own hands.

There is an option when keeping and distribution of electricity in a combined water-distribution device (VRU). However, retailing companies are now always require the location of the unit accounting system at the street facade of pillars or - within reach for the inspector. The legality of this rule is a very big question, but the Pets group automata in a street billboard is suitable except for the house on summer cottage, garage and other small buildings.

For a country house with a lot of energy users to perform such variantustanovki hardly possible: have to pull from shield to the house a few group lines, located at an altitude of solid board (by schemes Consultant Avs7153 Alexander Sveshnikov).

Observer (Member FORUMHOUSE):

- The minimum number of contact connections, a seal - only one critical contact connection, respectively - the reliability and security is higher than in other circuits CB with lots of contact connections!

In a special section of the forum, you can learn more about the options installation of street billboards from Observer.

The principle of the electrical assembly

Before assembly, all the electrical switchgear is drafting its scheme, which must be Showing all modules (Emergency circuit breakers, RCD, contactors and the like), the cross sections of all of the cables and wires, power load lines. The best option if you already have a home power circuit - this will greatly facilitate the task. It will be clear how much equipment you will use, what machines or RCD to select, based on the size of cables and wires and your existing appliances.

For switchboard plan you need to know:The total power consumption of all appliances and separately - consumption power in each selected group - for automatic selection of the corresponding parameters;
All possible options for the load on the network;
Type of wiring in the house: it determines the number of lines going to the shield;
And most importantly: what appliances will be installed in the house.

Depending on the use of space, you can do metal or plastic, mounted or recessed electrical box. Here the choice depends on your individual circumstances and preferences, but there is such an important parameter as the degree of protection against dust and moisture. Solid with varying degrees of protection have different marking.

Denverus(Member FORUMHOUSE):

- a shield of protection to choose for the right environmental conditions. For street box, not in the tropics and the Sahara, enough IP54. It can be in the apartment - if only the top is not flooded. If the shield near power irrigation systems, again - at least IP65.

Plastic panels often mounted on a wall inside the premises. More durable and weather-proof metal shields-in wardrobes are on the street. Embedded boards are well suited for the walls of plasterboard, which is easy to organize a niche. Need to place the shield so that it was convenient to use.

Avs7153(Member FORUMHOUSE):

- Small panels are placed on the center of the eye-level, large (a meter and a half) - so as to reach the top row without a stool. Formal energy meters - 0.8-1.7 m from the floor to the terminals.

Choosing the right model of the shield is largely dependent on financial capability homeowner, but for the low price is not worth chasing. Cheap shields are made of cheap material, poor quality plastic, brittle and yellowing over time. This flap will have their own "collective farms", modifying your needs. Shields from reputable manufacturers are going on the principle of design, in which everything is designed for easy installation of a competent and safe electrical system.

An important parameter in the selection of the electrical - its size, that is, the number of modules that it can accommodate. A single-pole switch - the machine takes one module. The dimensions of the entire panel equipment as multiples of the width of the module, so, you know the right number of machines, RCD, and other devices. It is easy to calculate what size board you need.

The number of modules of basic elements of the shield:
single-pole machine - 1 unit;
single-phase two-pole machine - 2 units;
tripolar machine - 3 modules;
single phase RCD - 3 modules;
three-phase RCD - 5 modules;
Three-phase Emergency circuit breakers - 6-8 modules.

Shield is recommended to choose with some reserve units. So, if the placement of all the elements is sufficient 12 modules, it is better to buy a billboard at 16 - on the future of the case change power supply circuit or the appearance of new home appliances that require automatic devices or RCD. Unused modules for safety and aesthetics must be plugged. For this special plastic plugs in electrical control applied.

When assembling the composite board with a large number of components for easy installation for them well in advance of order mark in accordance with the scheme advises Olechka. Will clearly and accurately.

The designations for marking mounting kit:

Q1, Q2,... - switches, automatic; DQ1, DQ2,... - RCD; ADQ1, ADQ2,... - diffs; XT1, XT2,... - Cross-ins; HL1, HL2,... - light fittings; X1, X2,... - terminal; N1, N2,... - Zero tires, the number corresponds to the number of RCD; Combs should be given the designation abbreviation and RCD number from which take phase.

Mounted on the shield modular equipment is simple: inside the switchboard set the standard DIN-rail on which a simple snap-fix all the machines and the RCD. Remove or move them as needed, too easy, just squeeze the sponge using a screwdriver machine. To machines "did not go" on the DIN-rail, you can use special constraints. Also mounted within the shield two buses for connecting together all zero and grounding conductors. Zero the bus must be in an enclosed insulated housing or separated from the metal casing of the electrical plastic insulation.

For connecting machines often use the poles of the bridge wire, but it is much more convenient and aesthetically apply for this special copper bus-comb. Anyway, it is important to securely connect automation terminals with combs or wires to ensure good contact.

After assembly and test board is "finishing touch": it is necessary to sign all equipment. For this mozhetispolzovatsya permanent marker, or even better - to make simple but interesting and informative labels. An example from our user:

D_A_N(Member FORUMHOUSE):

- To attach labels require double sided tape, an ordinary transparent tape, stationery knife and ruler. Tear off one side of the double adhesive tape stuck on the sticky side of a piece of paper labeled, sealed with a transparent top to conventional tape, cut off the edge of a knife - and you have a sticker.

The same principle can be "laminate" tape and the general scheme of the shield and position it on the inside of the door, if it allows its design.

Shield assembly and its commissioning is not so difficult. It is quite capable of many homeowners. However, this work should be approached with great responsibility, because it is the shield correct or incorrect assembly will not be affected only the reliability of the electrical system of your home, but also, and primarily, household safety and security of your property.

Join the discussion questions design and assembly switchboards. View photos finished panels with links to their full assembly. We offer you expert panel assessment for a small holiday home, tips, advice and parsing errors. Smotirite our video recommendations to increase electrical power in the house by the inverter, as well as information and advice on the electrical device.