Conservatories: architectural features, the choice of materials.

Fashion for winter gardens is widespread in the XIX century, it was connected with the appearance in the estates of heating systems, allows you to create conditions suitable for heat-loving plants. Which appeared in our time technical developments lead to the conservatory is not just heated room, and high-tech facilities, which automatically maintains certain climatic conditions, the windows are blacked out when needed, there is a system of snow thawing on roof.

But above all, it is necessary to define the terminology - not to be confused with a greenhouse conservatory or greenhouse. Winter Garden - a room adjacent to the house, which is one of the high-grade rooms of the house. Winter Garden, in essence, a relaxation room, very well illuminated due to the transparent roof in a room is pleasant to sit with a book, chat with friends, just to admire the starry sky.

Orangery or greenhouse are always separate from the house and are intended only for growing plants. The greenhouses are typically cultured vegetables and greenhouses are used for growing flowers or a heat-loving fruit trees, such as orange or lemon.

The design of winter gardens, there are several major stylistic trends, based on which designers create for each winter garden individual look. Most versatile, suitable to any style of the building is a Victorian style. Winter Garden, designed in this style is trohluchevuyu or five-way design. Facade of the garden turns round, in contrast to the buildings in the Georgian style, with in terms of a square or rectangle. garden design, built in the Georgian style, allows you to make rational use of all the interior space.

Winter Garden of the Mediterranean style has a pent roof, it blends well with small, low houses. This design is very functional, may play a role glazed verandas. For larger buildings, designed in a classic style, suitable winter garden T-shaped style. Such a structure is symmetric, gable has a protruding middle and two side wings that facilitates uniform distribution of light.

Another style, P-type, is, in fact, a combination of Mediterranean and Victorian conservatory. A long room with a pent roof adjacent to the three- or five-way bay window, internally space can be divided into two zones, that allows you to create many interesting options for internal clearance. This style is versatile, but most organic garden this will be combined with a spacious mansion.

Regardless of the style, all winter gardens are united by one design feature - a transparent roof of complex shape, requiring careful calculation, inclined or domed roof is required to design individually, taking into account wind, snow and static load. To build a winter garden, prikinuv structure "by eye" will not be possible, it is fraught with negative consequences.

To create a load-bearing structures of the winter garden used profiles of different materials. The traditional Russian material - wood - is used in the form of laminated veneer lumber, treated with antiseptic compositions. Recently there have been designs that combine wood and aluminum, in this case the metal protects wood against weathering. Protective aluminum cover are mounted so that the inside of the conservatory could be seen a frame of wood noble breeds and aluminum parts were outside.

More popular winter gardens, erected using aluminum profile. Strictly speaking, this profile is not made of pure aluminum and an alloy, usually in the presence of magnesium alloy, imparting strength, and silicon. Such profiles can withstand heavy load, which is very important for such heavy structures, as a winter garden. Aluminum profiles, painted in various colors, have an aesthetic appearance and do not require special care.

In the construction of winter gardens are two types of profiles are used - the "cold" and "warm." For heated premises is preferable, of course, warm profiles having in their design special thermal barrier, made of polymeric materials. Its purpose - to separate the outer, cold, part of the profile from the inside, not missing the cold inside the room. Also has drainage channels which drains the condensate.

More budget option is conservatory PVC profile. However, choosing this kind of profile, you need a responsible approach to the choice of materials, since low-quality profile will quickly lose the beautiful appearance and cracked. The best option is a combination of aluminum sections and steel framed reinforced PVC profile.

An important point to remember when selecting a profile is that for the winter garden in any case can not be used window design, they are able to withstand a wind load only and are not designed for the additional static and snow load. It must be purchased specifically designed for glass constructions profiles.

Depending on the temperature and humidity, supported in the conservatory, there are three types of such structures. In the winter garden, year-round used, the temperature should be maintained 20 - 25 degrees and a humidity of 70%. If you intend to actively use the garden during the summer season, it is only 15 degrees, you can keep the temperature in the cooler months. In the winter garden, designed for placement of plants that need a dormant period during the cold season, a sufficient level of temperature is 5 - 10 degrees. As a recreation room in the winter garden can be used by persons who love invigorating coolness.

Depending on the temperature chosen and the type of glazing conservatory, laid in computing the necessary level of resistance to heat transfer coefficient. At this stage the calculations determined what needed double glazing - single-chamber or dual-chamber, which glass is used, for example, whether there is a need for an energy-efficient low-emission glass.

Here it should be noted that ordinary window glass is not suitable for glazing winter gardens. It is, first of all, is not safe, since, breaking, breaks up into large sharp pieces. Secondly, the window glass badly resists heat transfer, that is, in the winter garden of the cold season will be very cold, and in summer - too hot.

From a security standpoint preferably toughened glass, forming small pieces which are not hazardous or triplex. Triplex is a multilayer material in which there is a transparent polymer composition which prevents degradation of the glass. Unfortunately, such glass has a large weight, respectively, its use entails the need for amplification of all carrier structures.

If necessary, the insulating glass mirror used, solntseotrazhayuschie, self-cleaning, as well as fire-proof and bullet-proof glass. To make the decorative effects, you can use colored or stained glass.

As a budget replacement glass polycarbonate plastic can be used. This material has a honeycomb structure, withstands temperature changes and has a heat-saving properties. But this material has some pretty significant shortcomings. When the polycarbonate resin is not applied a protective coating against UV light, it soon becomes cloudy and covered with cracks.

But even if the coating caused to the danger of destruction, since this material is sensitive to mechanical damage, badly it makes alkaline detergents and abrasives. In addition, polycarbonate is less transparent than glass, so people looking through it, there may be discomfort. Experts advise to the vertical walls of the winter garden still use glass.

In addition to the wrong choice of the profile or glass novice master, trying to build their own winter garden, can make other mistakes. The roofs of the complex and unusual shapes can trap excessive amounts of snow, the experts in this case we speak of "a snow bag". Excessive loads and leakage appearing in this case, provoke the degradation of the structure. The same result can cause poorly designed space dissimilar materials joints.

Wanting to save money, handyman sometimes refuse unnecessary at first glance, the design elements: air vents, transoms, insulated doors. As a result, in a stuffy, poorly ventilated space is created for people uncomfortable and disastrous for climate plants. But the main mistake is the lack of a precise calculation of the weights of all the elements and bearing capacity of the structure.

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