House for «Tilt-up» technology - cheaper than wood, stronger than brick

The technology of monolithic house-building has a lot of adherents. The advantages of monolithic houses can be written: no masonry joints (cold joints), the possibility of the construction of houses in the style of hi-tech, with large unsupported spans and window openings.

The main disadvantage of preventing the wide dissemination of this technology are:

• high price for the construction of boxes at home;
• the need for professional reusable formwork;
• increased demands on workers' skills;
• a large volume of concreting works.

Is it possible to somehow simplify and reduce the cost of these works? And most importantly - how to adapt to the needs of the construction of monolithic self-builder? Let us turn to the practical experience of members of the forum.

Theory

The story began in 2007, when the site FORUMHOUSE there was a topic titled: "MPE home. Much cheaper than a brick ". In this topic Validating nick Buryat He spoke about his vision of how to quickly and inexpensively build a strong, inexpensive and reliable home

Buryat (party FORUMHOUSE):

I have extensive construction experience. One day I wondered why so few samostroyschikov who builds a house on monolithic technology, because its benefits are obvious.

For example, take 10h10m house with a ceiling height of 2.7 m. The house is the basement, second floor attic. Walls - reinforced concrete, 150 mm thick, reinforced with metal mesh reinforcement 8 mm in diameter and 20x20 cm cell. Warming outside - foam, 100-150 mm, and then finish exterior decoration.

This is an example of the classical scheme of monolithic construction. But he has both pluses and minuses.

Pros:

• Increased strength and durability of the house. High load-bearing capacity of the walls.
• Low cost of 1 square meter of a wall made of concrete. The costs of materials compared with the cost of square log house walls with the same thickness. If kneading and pour concrete by hand, using a cement mixer, 200 liters, the cost will be reduced even more.
• For more, you can use cheaper Adjustable (sliding) formwork.
• The possibility of practically all the work on their own, without involving heavy machinery.
• Due to the small thickness of the walls - 15 cm increases the internal area of ​​the house.

The walls can be thick and 10 cm, but it is technologically inconvenient.

• The high degree of thermal inertia of the house. Due to the large mass of concrete in the winter well protoplenny house when disconnecting heating system will be a long time to cool down, and in the summer is cool in it.

Minuses:

• The high complexity of work associated with the installation of the formwork, the control of its verticality.
• Difficulties during pouring of concrete above the first floor. Concrete will have to carry by hand or ordering expensive concrete.
• A large amount of "wet" work imposes significant restrictions on building in the cold season.
• Difficulties with the installation of reinforcement and concrete vibrating in the vertical formwork.
• A lot of weight at home, leading to the need to strengthen the foundation.

Can I somehow improve or simplify this process? This technology is widely known and has long been used - it is the fellowship of the panel. But from pre-RC panels often build typical high-rise buildings. Although the forum is and private houses built on the basis of factory-RC slabs, the method despite the high speed of construction, is not widely used. standard size panels limit the choice of house projects. Cottage, in the literal sense of the word, we have to "adjust" the size of the panels. If the ordered concrete panels at the plant, which will produce on an individual project, it is too expensive.

The idea, which is literally in the air - it's to make monolithic insulated concrete panels on their own, on the site, by casting them in a horizontal formwork. Its first announced LeoSTAR.

LeoSTAR (party FORUMHOUSE):

The technology is as follows - on a flat, pre-prepared substrate (this can be a base plate or well compacted soil) laid out plate of plastic foam PSBS25. The foam sheet was not continuous, but with special notches. Due to this, when pouring concrete in the formwork mounted around foam sheet formed plate, such as a ribbed slab.

In this plate is a foam and the process element (thereby forming stiffening ribs), and the thermally insulating material - a heater is already integrated into the wall.

Consumption of materials per 1 square meter of the wall as follows:

• concrete - 0.07 m3;
• PSBS25 - 0.2 m3;
• Reinforcement - 0.005-0.0075 tons.

A significant advantage of this method - the smooth surface of the walls that are ready for finishing.

The geometric characteristics of the walls:

• edge - 150 mm;
• Wall - 50 mm;
• polystyrene - 200 mm in the main part, 100 mm -edge.

Despite the fact that the call can not do without a crane during the construction of the technology necessary to lifting the molded plates, the work is less expensive than in a monolithic concrete is poured into the vertical formwork. Also, there is no need to book a concrete pump or carry buckets of cement on the second floor of a house under construction. Vibrate horizontally poured concrete is greatly simplified. Plate can provibrirovat using a hammer drill mode, with the nozzle in the form of a horizontal platform, mounted in a fixed storm. This increases the quality of work.

In addition, the technology imposes a limitation in the construction of cottage having a complicated shape with rounded bay windows, towers and other architectural elements.

Building a house on this technology is greatly complicated in small areas. In this case the slab can be cast, stacking them on each other.

It is also difficult near power lines, as crane when lifting the cover, always room for maneuvering.

LeoSTAR (party FORUMHOUSE):

1m3 foam costs less than 1m3 of concrete. A layer of insulation is obtained not continuous, and from 100 to 200 mm. Forming of foam ribbed profile with alternating concrete thickness of 50 to 150 mm, we do not reducing the load-bearing walls of the parameters, reduce the consumption of concrete, reduce the weight of the wall, reducing the volume works.

Practice

Despite the cautious attitude to technology «Tilt-up» among samostroyschikov on FORUMHOUSE were pioneers who decided to build a house using this technique.

Automatics (party FORUMHOUSE):

I've been thinking, from which to build a house. I studied the various technologies, counting the cost of a wall material, assessing their opportunities samostroyschika. At first, I wanted to build a house the size of 8h8,5 m of permanent formwork technology of polystyrene foam. But thinking and studying experience forumchanin nick WeldcutWho first built the «Tilt-up» home technology, I gave up the idea and chose this method.

Weldcut (party FORUMHOUSE):

I do not understand why this technology has not been widely adopted. The construction of 1 square meter of wall is cheaper than other materials used for the construction of stone houses. I think my experience will encourage other members of the forum to build on this technology.

For the manufacture of one plate, depending on the number of assistants and the experience takes an average of 1-3 days. Plus you need to allow time for a set of concrete strength required to lift and install the plate. When pre-arranged plates 1 floor elevated house for 1 day.

The order of steps in the manufacturing of stoves:

• Preparing the site for the slab casting.

• Cutting and gluing together sheets of foam forming the plate edges.

• Installing formwork.

• Cutting fittings in size.

• Stacking sheets of ICB and reinforcement in the formwork.

• Pouring plate.

• Laying a reinforcing grid.

It is necessary to observe a number of nuances:

• Mesh laid, when it is filled with concrete, and it is slightly pressed down.
• If in some place of slab reinforcement mesh or "pop up", they need to "drown".
• Filling is carried out at a time.
• Poured concrete leveled rule or screed.

To walk on the foam when it is filled with concrete, it can be put boards. When filling should strive to ensure that the concrete is first came to the foam, and then at intervals in the ribs. So we are giving the foam sheet, and he will not move to the side.

Weldcut (party FORUMHOUSE):

At first glance, it seems that to make such a plate is easy - you just have to fill in foam concrete. In fact, most of the time is spent on preparation for pouring. The more thoroughly you prepare, the better the result.

Working on «Tilt-up» technology, all you need to think in advance, as follows:

• how to position the panel on the site;
• wherein the crane is standing;
• Does it have enough carrying capacity and boom reach;
• Do not interfere with operation of the crane tree branches or power lines;
• how to raise the first plate and how to fix it to the foundation;
• it takes assistants.

For lifting the plate on top of it zamonolichivayutsya mounting lugs.

Based on the experience of members of the forum, we can say the following:

• For lifting and installation of cast plates enough three people, as long as everyone knows what to do.
• Crane will cause twice - for installation of floor boards each (if the two-storey house).
• Installed panel are bonded with each other by twisting the reinforcement (reinforcement of the length releases the plate body is calculated beforehand). Connecting angles zamonolichivayutsya plates and insulated to avoid cold bridges.

• Correctness of installation of the walls, you can check the level and re-measure the diagonal.
• Plates are aligned so that they stand vertically, and are in one plane along the outer perimeter. If necessary, the bottom plate moves up scrap.
• Top Plate "caught" at the expense of the plate tilt outwards or inwards.
• For temporary fixation plates are used prefabricated adjusting spacers representing Area or tube, one end of which is fastened to the floor (at this point BS advance zamonolichivaetsya plate).

The top of the spacer is attached to the plate for rebar. By girth weld studs with threaded M16. Screwing / unscrewing the nut plate can adjust the angle of inclination.

Technology «Tilt-up» requires careful and meticulously calculating all the materials and their actions. Work "by eye" can not be! Only in this way we can achieve quality results and reduce the cost of construction.

All the details of the technology «Tilt-up», including photos and drawings of knots are here and here. In this topic represented by step description of manufacturing workshop on this technology. Learn about the nuances of building a house of reinforced concrete can be clicking at this link. BUT in this video a detailed story of the technology and features of the monolithic housing.