Waterproofing from basement to roof

Practical experience has shown FORUMHOUSE users is not enough to build a solid house. To make your home was really comfortable and served you faithfully for many years, it must be protected from the damaging effects of ground water and sediment. And this requires a reliable waterproofing.

So try to understand:

• For what need waterproofing?
• What can cause the rejection of waterproofing?
• What is included in the package of measures for waterproofing the house?
• What are the different types of modern waterproofing materials?
• When should I use one or the other type of waterproofing?
• How to provide waterproofing protection when backfilling?
• For which facilities need waterproofing?
• Why do we need and how to perform roofing waterproofing?

What is the waterproofing?

The main purpose of waterproofing - is the protection of buildings and structures from the adverse effects of water. The purpose of waterproofing is to increase the lifespan of the house and improve the quality of its operation.

Elena Merzlyakov (Director of "Kalmatron-Petersburg"):

- waterproofing of buildings can not be performed by a single material, even the best. Waterproofing - it is always a set of measures.

For example, basement waterproofing may include:

• floor and wall waterproofing;
• Waterproofing places pairing;
• Waterproofing of concrete construction joints;
• Waterproofing expansion joints, places of communication and input horizontal cut-off;
• Apparatus drainage ditches and the blind area.

Selection of materials and technologies in each case strictly individual and depends on the specific operating conditions of the object, its status, location, and materials from which it is made.

Andrew Jags (Expert Corporation "TekhnoNIKOL"):

- Water penetrating into the underground part of the house, reducing its performance characteristics and degrades micro-climatic conditions in the premises, located in the underground part of the building.

In addition, the water penetrating into the building structures is reinforcement corrosion and destruction of concrete, which degrades the static properties of the structure and, ultimately, leads to its destruction.

Nikolay Mihaylov (Sika's Technical Specialist):

- Waterproofing, made only from within, eliminates the problem of damp basements. But if the outer part of the structure will remain in constant contact with water, it will lead to its premature failure. It is therefore important to do waterproofing and outside.

The complex of waterproofing measures include:

• Waterproofing service line entries;
• The device of wall or deep drainage.

The necessity of certain measures dictated by the type of soil, groundwater level, landscape features and other natural factors.

Waterproofing of the basement - the basis of all

The foundation - the foundation of any structure. The stronger and better made the foundation, The more reliable and safer than the construction itself or building. The basic building blocks of the device foundationIt is concrete. Many developers believe that because the concrete itself is quite durable material, waterproofing him to anything. But is it really?

Elena Merzlyakov:

- It must be remembered that the concrete is quite hygroscopic and absorb moisture well, which eventually leads to leaching. The leaching increases the porosity of the cement stone and reduces its durability. The process is accelerated if the cement stone acts on the "soft" water, or water under pressure.

The main means of combating the leaching of calcium hydroxide is the use of dense concrete and the introduction of active mineral additives in cement. If any problems with the water permeability in the already built and operated facilities, is an effective means is to use penetrating waterproofing.

Using penetrating waterproofing formulations eliminates the possibility of water filtration through the body of the concrete structure.

Andrew Jags:

- Concrete itself in itself is quite a good waterproofing material. But to concrete showed its waterproofing properties, it is necessary to follow a few simple but, in practice, very burdensome regulations. Namely:

- The design of the foundation is to prevent cracking under load.

- The volume of concrete to be poured in a single technological cycle without "Cold" seams.

Precast concrete blocks of PBS necessarily need additional protection.

• All technological joints must necessarily be sealed by means of swelling strings, sealants, etc. Waterstop
• Working fittings must be installed in strict accordance with the project
• We must carefully provibrirovat already placed concrete.
• It is important to make a further curing.

Necessary to cover the fresh concrete wet burlap and shed with water every 2-3 hours (even at night) for three -Five, and in hot weather - seven days.

But is it possible in some cases to do without waterproofing the basement?

Nikolai Mikhailov:

- You can, if you are not going to use the basement and do not expect a long service life of the foundation. For example, the strip foundation under the garage or shed is quite possible to perform without flashing, for 10-15 years with the foundation, nothing will happen.

Types and modern waterproofing materials

Modern waterproofing materials can be divided into three large groups in origin - are polymeric, bituminous and mineral materials.

By applying a method of waterproofing materials made on obmazochnye, roller svobodnoukladyvaemye membrane fusing roller and the liquid coating materials.

Elena Merzlyakov:

- It is important to know what materials to ensure waterproofing, designed to solve specific problems.

Roll waterproofing.

Traditionally rolls have a paperboard substrate impregnated with waterproofing materials (roofing, Steklobit).

• Pastes - plastic adhesive compositions based on organic binders and dispersion of fillers.

The most famous - cold and hot bitumen mastic oil.

• Powders.

The mixtures based on cement and synthetic resins and various additives (plasticizers, hardeners). They are sold in dry form and are mixed directly to the job site.

Water repellents (liquid-repellent).

Mixes based on silicones, ester compounds, silicic acids and organic solvents, which, in contrast to the "normal" exterior waterproofing materials, "absorbed" concrete surfaces.

• Film.

On the basis of its share in the polyethylene films, polypropylene films and membranes.

• Injection waterproofing.

Is carried out by injection of binder material in the joints, cracks in building structures or the adjacent ground. They are normally used when renovating.

• Penetrating waterproofing.

Components inflicted on the concrete surface, penetrate deep into the concrete in its pores and capillaries even against high hydrostatic pressure. These formations, tight filling all pores and microvoids, compacted concrete structure, providing thus a reliable watertight.

The service life of penetrating material is the same as the very concrete life.

materials "Penetrating waterproofing"best suited for repair and waterproofing of concrete and concrete products and structures, as well as sand-cement plasters.

But in some cases it is necessary to use some form of waterproofing?

Elena Merzlyakov:

- The choice of material for waterproofing depends on several factors, for example:

• Characteristic aggressive environment acting on the building structure;
• design operating conditions;
• Type of construction;
• Climatic conditions;
• The results of geological engineering survey;
• The probability of mechanical or thermal influence on the structure.

Andrew Jags:

- If the building into the ground, in any case, it must be waterproofed. Even if you have the groundwater level is low enough, it can be heavy rains, floods and snowfalls. A groundwater level may vary over time.

Nikolai Mikhailov:

- Mineral waterproofing for designs of simple form, not prone to cracking. Generally obmazochnye mineral materials and bituminous base suitable for waterproofing foundations zaglublonnyh to two floors. For more serious structures, complex geological conditions and greater safety it is advisable to do the waterproofing of polymeric membranes.

But in addition to the protection of waterproofing the basement in need of space, which is constantly in contact with water.

For example:

• Waterproofing balconies and terraces is performed using mineral waterproofing materials, which can be laid tiles using a mineral or polymeric tile adhesives.

Also, there are waterproofing materials based on polyurethane, which can combine the function of waterproofing and elastic bonding tiles.

• For waterproofing wet areas in the first place, you must first identify and eliminate the cause of the water ingress. Most often flow weak construction sites, such as construction joints concreting, construction and expansion joints.

Sutures waterproofing by injection of polymeric material or by means of waterproofing tapes glued to the surface of the concrete structure. After that you need to perform waterproofing the floor and walls of the room with the help of waterproofing based on cement.

Methods of laying a waterproofing coating, and

By applying a method of waterproofing materials are divided into obmazochnye, roller svobodnoukladyvaemye membrane fusing roller and the liquid coating materials.

Nikolai Mikhailov:

- lubricative, sprayed and facing materials require mandatory mechanical surface preparation. They can only be applied on substrates having the required strength and, as a rule, at temperatures above +5 degrees.

To prepare the base used sandblasting, treatment with water under high pressure or mechanical preparation using power tools.

Andrew Jags:

- Surface preparation prior to application of waterproofing membranes is one of the most important and often - and the most difficult and time consuming process step.

Since concrete is the most widely used building material, the most commonly subject to surface preparation of concrete and reinforced concrete, sometimes of brick and natural stone.

The quality of surface preparation depends on the material used as a waterproofing membrane. It is possible to identify the main requirements for the quality preparation of concrete and reinforced concrete surfaces:

• The absence of loose easily loose material;
• Absence of cracks (especially parallel expansion joints), chips and shells portions neprovibrirovannogo concrete;
• The flat surface geometry;
• Removing all contaminants and materials that prevents adhesion (dirt, dust, laitance, release agents, etc.).

When non-compliance with the requirements for surface preparation, the quality of the waterproofing membrane and waterproofing the entire system will be low.

protection waterproofing

Since waterproofing, as noted above, includes a combination of measures, it is very important to protect the waterproofing layer when the backfilling foundations.

Elena Merzlyakov:

- Sealing layer, typically must be protected from mechanical damage, chemical exposure, UV light, etc...

The first mechanical protection of waterproofing is required before backfilling the excavation of soil, as there is risk of damage to the sealing mechanisms, stones and debris.

To protect the waterproofing use different methods:

• Retaining device or protective walls made of brick or concrete;
• Performing plaster or protective screed from the cement-sand mortar;
• Securing or gluing various materials: the profiled membranes, asbestos sheets, boards of extruded polystyrene and so on.

Penetrating waterproofing does not need protection, because its principle of operation is based on the penetration of the chemically-active part of the composition of the deep concrete and the formation in the pores and microcracks of sparingly soluble crystals, thereby forming a uniform, monolithic structure with itself concrete.

Andrew Jags:

–Flexible Waterproofing membranes differ from hard, the presence of such an indicator as flexibility or elongation at break. Expressed as a percentage, and means that the shifting of various types and strains which may arise in the basement, flexible waterproofing membrane will retain its integrity. But flexible membranes additionally be protected. Rigid waterproofing membrane does not need additional protection, but they can not maintain its integrity under deformation and shifting of the foundation.

Nikolai Mikhailov:

– It should be remembered that no protection from not save waterproofing backfill formed morzlym soil and soil comprising rocks and debris.

Backfill is recommended to carry out the draining soils manually stratified compaction.

roof waterproofing

Waterproofing of the roof - this is a mandatory element in the device of any building. To the roof of your home is not flowed, it must be waterproofed. But there are some features and secrets.

Anastasia Pokachalova (Expert Corporation "TekhnoNIKOL"):

- For waterproofing of the roof it is very important to pay attention not only on the quality of the material, but also on the quality of installation of the waterproofing coating, and the correct design of the roof.

for the construction of experts from Germany received the following figures:

• 45% of the problems with the roof caused by the poor quality of its installation;
• 34% of the errors associated with improper design;
• 7% of the problems occur because of damage to the roof during construction;

But only

• 14% are due to spoilage of the material or the use of unsuitable roofing.

In case of incorrect installation of the roof waterproofing the developer runs the risk of losing all the advantages of his chosen material.

The choice of waterproofing material for roofs affected by the following factors:

• Fire safety requirements.
• The area of ​​the roof and the type of ground.
• Type of use - operated or non-operated roof, and the degree of its load.
• Operating frequency and maintenance of the roof.
• The cost of the roof.
• Climatic features that affect the life of the roof.

To select a waterproofing material, which is suitable for your type of roof, you need to take into account the technical characteristics and types of waterproofing.

Among advanced materials for waterproofing roofs are the following:

• Bituminous materials.
• Polymer materials based on PVC.

The basis of the high-plasticized polyvinyl chloride, which is composed of plasticizers (35%) and various additives (of up to 8%).

• Polymer materials based on TPO.
• EPDM - materials.

Basis - synthetic rubber.

• Evaporation of the roof.

Consider each of the materials individually.

Bituminous materials:

• Well suited for residential buildings, where unlimited access to the roof.
• Basically require stacking two layers, and this increases the life of the roof membrane assembly.

Anastasia Pokachalova:

- It must be remembered that a group of this material flammability - T3 / T4, and therefore, when the roofs of a large area is required installation of fire zones or the use of gravel backfill.

PVC membrane:

• Group flammability - G1 / G2, which means that it is possible the use of PVC membrane area of ​​70 000 sq m without additional fire protection measures.
• Installation can be carried out quickly, regardless of the time of year and on roofs with any slope from 0 to 90 degrees.

Anastasia Pokachalova:

- Among the features of this material can be isolated high vapor permeability - PVC membrane able to output to atmosphere excess steam pressure from the roof space.

This polymeric membranes feature allows them to be widely used in the reconstruction of old roofs without disassembly of the existing roofing pie.

EPDM membranes:

• They are highly resistant to aggressive chemicals.

The choice of EPDM membranes acquitted in that case, if your home is located near the plant produces chemicals.

And in order to EPDM provided good waterproofing of the roof is necessary to consider the following features.

Anastasia Pokachalova:

- The term of service is determined by the carpet seam quality, rather than the membrane itself. The average period of maintenance-free service glued joints does not exceed 10 years. To ensure reliable bonding of the sheets may vulcanised strip of raw rubber. It is necessary to observe the continuity of the process, to ensure the absence of passes of the substrate and contamination of reagents on the seam.

Temperature minimum for mounting of +5 degrees, as this is the working temperature for sealants, adhesives and adhesive tapes.

But when choosing a roof waterproofing should be aware that:

• EPDM requires additional measures for the device "breathing" of the roof.
• EPDM is extremely hot in the summer because of its black color.

Evaporation of the roof

Anastasia Pokachalova:

- This is the most expensive way of the roof waterproofing. But it permits the waterproofing of the roof, containing a large number of penetrations at the surface.

The special features of this waterproofing include:

• Increased requirements for the qualification of masters, performing assembly work.
• The composition is prepared for spraying directly on the construction site.

A spraying material quality is largely dependent on weather conditions and compliance with the manufacturer's instructions for the storage, transportation and preparation of the mixture.

• When spraying several layers need to wait for complete drying and curing of the previous layer, which increases the period of construction.
• Require pre-treatment base and cleaning it from dirt and moisture.

When applied to an unprepared surface life of such a roof is declining rapidly.

• When the device requires a large area of ​​roofs device of fire zone or the use of gravel backfill.

Thus, when applying a waterproofing system should take into account every detail, and the system includes a complex variety of installation and construction works and materials. And only by taking into account all the above factors, it is possible to build a truly comfortable and safe housing.

Do I need a waterproofing strip foundation? The answer users FORUMHOUSE can find in this branch our forum. With detailed and vivid story of our forumchanin how he poured the concrete for the foundation just in the ground, can be found here. And in this branch our forum is a discussion of the proper cake multi-layer waterproofing of the foundation. Hot discussion: "Do waterproofing need for" cold "roof" is conducted here. In this video clearly shows all the stages of work on the rapid repair of the roof of the garage using bituminous waterproofing adhesive tapes. From this video you will learn all about waterproofing, its forms and applications. And this video clip It demonstrates some nuances to consider when installing the waterproofing on the flat roof of the exploited.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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