What does the ground, and how to do it

Every man knows what electricity is. Each judge of him differently. For some it's a TV, a chandelier and a switch for someone - a source of energy, but everyone understands that it is the sort of thing that can and dolbanut. And they are right, because can really rock the tight and sometimes even killed.

The human body - almost water with dissolved salts in it. Some say 60% of the water, the other - on 99... Leave it, the important thing: the man is electrically conductive! That is, he is able to conduct current through themselves. And if this current is sufficient strength in the body there are sometimes irreversible, leading to death.

Why do we need grounding

We will not consider carefully how strong current can kill, it's still bad enough. I experienced it myself, I do not tell lies, more than a dozen times. Causes of early childhood - ignorance, and then - the usual Russian puzzle and apathy.

The outcome of a situation when a person touches the bare conductor under voltage may be different. If we imagine such a person is hanging in the air, nothing more touching, nothing happens. He remains unharmed and zdorovehonek, he did not even realize that a live wire. Because the rule: if there is no chain, there is no current. For example, sitting raven on a wire - and nothing alive and well, and still cawing above.

Quite a different situation when the person is standing barefoot on the wet ground and grabs the wire. It creates a closed circuit: the power transformer - wire - man - land - and the transformer again. The windings of the transformer is also grounded in a certain way, and the earth - a perfect conductor.

And even not necessarily bare feet and wet earth. And shoes crude - also a conductor, and a concrete floor, and tile, and even waterproofing guarantee does not. And by this closed loop ran electrons, and at unfortunate rolled eyes and went tufts foam mouth. Well, if he is in the throes unhooked from the wire, but often quite the contrary: even more squeezed his crooked fingers. Nightmarish picture.

And crows nesdobrovat too, if there are too many on the wires meet, and even start swinging the wings. I have not once seen as such by only coven crow feathers fly because they are themselves short two wires, thus creating once again a closed circuit for the flow of current.

An electrician, by the way, the security rules are provided not only insulating gloves and insulated tools, but also insulating mats, boots. These mats and this shoe - additional protection, which does not allow to create a closed circuit if accidentally touching the conductor bare hand. In short, there is no closed circuit - no current.

What you need to ground

Anything above - only the preamble, but now we understand why the ground. It serves to protect a person by touching the metal parts of the equipment under voltage.

Example: Bob made a heating system in the house, put the battery, rolled / welded pipes necessary, but also has built electric boiler with electric heaters. Included - everything works, everything is fine, Bob walks pipe probe is pleased: the heat!

And at one point (what here, "beautiful"?) His heater is out of order, but closed the phase at the boiler body. Batteries and pipes are now under stress, can not wait, when someone or something does not create a circuit for current to flow. And wife Vasina floor just washed in the kitchen so taken in head rag to hang the battery, drier... Paul raw, bare feet, wet rag... Oh, and get Vasya, if the wife remains alive, then, and Bob learns once and for all, for which ground so why ...

But if Bob did normal ground loop, so your pot firmly grounded - nothing would have happened. Speaking prostetski language, would have left the phase of the ground, the current would have made a huge circuit breaker would not survive for a long time and would have disabled the boiler. And even if it was not turned off, the potential on the batteries so the pipes connected with the ground, would be virtually zero, and my wife certainly would not have got.

It is necessary to ground all that has a metal body.

Boilers of various kinds, even if they are not heated by electricity and gas. After them, too, are fed wire feed automatic. A fall over anywhere from the time the phase wire, or a mouse, always hungry infection, isolation pogryzet - and hello: phase on the body. Woodworkers, household different tools. In the motor winding insulation broke - again, hello, body alive again. Or a pump, for example, but you never know what the electric nagorozheno in the house!

And you can not ignore the ground using a mixer. Here it is a straight road to trouble if something happens. Work with water all around the raw, shoes, the land around the... God forbid!

But take a kettle. What can there be, such a harmless appliance! Housing plastic, insulation, after all. But tea can be wet. Bob slipped kettle under the tap and poured water so carelessly poured on the body anyhow. Only Vasya now all in-date information, and the third contact in the earthing-pin is not empty hanging, and all rank by rank: grounded. Well done John, all I did the right thing.

How to make a ground loop

It's easy. After grounding need: to arrange a so-called loop of several metal pins driven into the ground and connected between a rod or strip for welding. These pins are located on the perimeter of the house, thus creating a sort of protected area, which is lined electric potential. Four pins in the corners - well. Six of these points - even better. It is possible and more life increase.

pins length - not less than 3 meters. The steel pin diameter - 16 mm or more. No paint on it should not be. If the pin is galvanized or copper - 12 mm is allowed.

If the ground is malleable, vobesh them with a sledgehammer in a matter of minutes. Do not forget to only sharpen the end. The ends of the pin are interconnected by a steel band around the perimeter of the section of at least 100 square meters. mm welding. Will only cover strip hot bitumen to lower rusted. Can all bury in the ground, it is allowed.

In itself this is not a panacea for the construction, do not give anything if you do not connect anything to it. Tavern should be in the house and put her in a convenient location must be welded the bolts, with their help, and connect the ground wire from the same Vasya boiler and third evrorozetok wire.

There remains only one thing: check the settings of the device, as far as they meet the standards. There will have to consult an electrician who has appropriate devices for measuring resistance, appropriate methodologies. Generally, measurements should be carried out periodically, at least 1 time in 10 years, because the pins in the ground over time, rust, electrical resistance increases. Fix it, too, is simple: drive a near even on the pin and weld them to the tavern.

That's all, and let none of microwave never stings your household, no pipe or the battery is not hit, lightning stay away from the lightning rod. Yes, by the way, never used as a grounding lines of the central heating or, God forbid, gas and sewer pipes laid in the ground. Rules may be used in the ground laid centralized water supply pipe network, but personally I do that I would not.

All this has a connection, all of this is isolated to the ground, insulated, and no one makes any measurement of electrical resistance. If Peter, your neighbor, says he, and through these pipes are all working fine - it's his problem, because it does not mean that it is protected...

In this article, read about earthing system for a country house: Species differences and design features.

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