Forms and types of bases, depending on the soil characteristics

From the foundation depends on how long will stand frame house, therefore, to the choice and installation of foundations should be approached thoroughly. The first step is to determine what the soil occurs at the site of construction of private frame house.

types of soil

rocky ground - this is the perfect base, it does not freeze, does not change its characteristics, is moisture.

cartilaginous ground It is composed of gravel and rock fragments. This is also an excellent base for laying the foundation. Dimensions of the foundation here does not depend on the location of ground water and the depth of freezing ground.

sandy soil freezes to a small depth - from 50cm to 1m. This soil does not retain moisture well compacted.

clayey soil - one of the most unfavorable for the foundation. Clay water saturate and keeps it on the surface, at subzero temperatures ground swells. With careful seal swelling decreases.

Loam and sandy loam - a mixture of clay and sand. Soil quality depends on which component prevails here.

peaty soil - a dried swamp. He is extremely saturated with moisture, since peat is able to absorb some of the six volumes of water. Ground waters occur here very highly.

The choice of the foundation under any frame house is influenced by several factors:

- The area, number of storeys of the building, cladding material - it affects the overall weight of the building.
- The type of soil.
- The need to build a basement.
- the depth of the groundwater.
- anti-seismic.
- The degree of freezing ground.

Types of foundations used in the frame construction

— pier foundation used in light structures, it is the most economical solution. It is used on firm ground. There are two types of columnar foundations: reinforced monolithic pillars, which are made with laying of concrete in formwork and assembly, consisting of the finished material (blocks, various pipes, bricks and so forth.). The pillars are set at the points of intersection of load-bearing structures, and then they join the beams, which subsequently set plinth. Among the advantages of such a foundation - fairly quick installation, low price, excellent waterproofing, can be installed on a freezing through ground.
— Strip foundation available in two versions: pouring reinforced concrete into the prepared formwork and installation of pre-engineered. Fitting strip foundation depth depends on the degree of soil freezing, plus 20 cm. Width depends on the design of the frame structure. In difficult terrain outsole extends special ledges. Among the advantages of strip foundations - high reliability on various grounds, the ability to keep all conditions, the possibility to build a basement. Among the shortcomings - a significant time and cost.
— pile foundation you can build piles of different materials: concrete, metal. There are several types of piles: printed, brown flood, screw. Among the advantages of pile foundation - economy, the ability to withstand the weight of the structure on the most difficult terrain. This is - the only type of foundation, capable of withstanding structure on the moving ground (on floaters).
— The monolithic slab foundation - it is a single monolithic plate installed under the whole skeleton-shield home. The height of the plates ranges from 30 to 80 cm. This plate is placed on a specially prepared and compacted cushion. Among the advantages of this design - increased strength, a large carrier opportunity, long service life. Such a foundation requires high costs and is set in the event that the use of other types of bases is not possible.

In the following article we will discuss the geological survey of the site to choose the type of foundation.