How to calculate the foundation for the house?

Before the construction of any building must be made construction project. Usually, the drafting of design engineers engaged in specialized construction companies. They spend all the necessary calculations, including calculations of the future foundation. Although very often the construction project and all calculations are done in the home, unless, of course, it is not construction of the plant, or a multi-storey building, and the foundation is not an exception, it is also possible to calculate independently.

Do not forget that the foundation is the foundation of the building. Quality and service life of the structure of the future depends entirely on the quality of the foundation. Since almost one-quarter of the total budget planned for construction is spent only on the foundation, the calculations must be accurate and highest quality materials. After all, if the calculations or by pouring the foundation you make any mistakes, then you will need to necessarily alter, and it will take an additional large sum of money, time and effort. Therefore, before the start of construction, it is necessary to know exactly how to calculate the foundation of the house.

Features

Even before the start of construction is necessary to determine what kind of foundation will be on the future of the building.
The main types of foundation:

- a belt - in a specially prepared trench is filled with a solution for the foundation, and then he takes the pressure off of all bearing parts of the building. Such a foundation can withstand a decent load, make it easy, it is possible to build another and basement, using its walls, but the laying of the foundation can not do without special equipment;


- tile - is a monolithic concrete slab. It is used mainly in the not very strong ground for the construction of buildings higher than two floors. This type of foundation is the most expensive;

- columnar - is a system of pillars embedded in the ground to a predetermined depth, and interconnected by reinforcing beams. The pillars are arranged at angles of the structure, under the intersection of the load-bearing structures and under the heaviest elements. Use a foundation only under the light of the structure is not more than two stories.

The cost of such a foundation below the belt at about 25-30%, and strength, it is also huzhe.svayny - probably the most expensive type of foundation, because of the attraction of special equipment for its installation. It represents a certain number of piles, combined using reinforced concrete slabs or beams. Such a foundation is used even in the soft ground for the construction of any buildings.

But choosing the type of foundation is necessary, first of all, to build on these factors:

- the soil in the area - every type of soil has its own limit the possibility to withstand the load, and if it is wrong to choose the type foundation, then after some time, he may begin to sink unevenly, leading to a partial destruction of the house;

- depth - is determined by the depth of soil freezing in winter and location of underground groundwater;

- load - in this figure includes everything: the weight of the walls, floor, ceiling, roof, windows, doors.

Approximately calculate their weight as possible, using special tables, in which, depending on its weight specified area of ​​a material. It is also necessary to add the weight of the furniture, the people who will be in the building, about the weight of snow and appliances. Approximate total building weight must not exceed the load, which is able to withstand ground.

Once you are able to calculate the foundation of the house, check all the data several times - this It depends on the quality and durability of the entire structure, as well as the amount spent on materials construction.