Wooden stairs - especially Customization

If in a country house has an attic or a full second floor, can not do without a convenient and reliable ladders, climbing that does not create any problems either children or the older generation. Great demand among homeowners use wooden stairs various configurations. They can do it yourself, if you have certain skills and instrumentation, in the absence of these or better ordered the company profile a sample or an exclusive design. His experience in the manufacture of wooden stairs to share with us a specialist company RealStairs.

Types of wooden stairs

Two types of wooden stairs as much as possible common:

• marching;
• screw.

Most often found in suburban homes is FLOATING. Marches, or as they are called, spans can be one or more, depending on the room size. FLOATING divided into several types:

• direct - the most simple design of one span, for convenience is often complemented by "invitation" steps, the march is usually not more than fifteen steps;
• rotary pads with - two or more flights, interconnected pad / pads;
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• slewing zabezhnymi steps - a few marches, but it is not connected through the area, and steps like rays form, thereby requiring less space than the stairs with landings, but still comfortable. At the same area with marches zabezhnymi steps obtained easier, due to the smaller pitch steps.

Unlike linear propulsion, screw are much less common in shape really resemble the screw stage which are twisted around the support post.

Such ladders advantageous to look and take up little space, but significantly lower than marching in terms of convenience and safety.

They are usually installed when marching under no place, and on the second floor need to somehow get or when the design is at the forefront.

spiral staircase design steps involves fixing only to the support column, step in the stairway are attached in two ways:

• on stringers - support beams extending under the steps on both sides, at least - one central beam;
• on the string - lateral support beam to which are fixed steps by means of special fasteners or set to cut the grooves.

Both methods allow to obtain a reliable fastening, designed for high operating load.

What wood is suitable for the manufacture of stairs

To staircase construction was able to withstand everyday operation mode, it must be constructed of a hard and wear-resistant timber. Besides, wood stairs It does not involve thick-staining, so it is important the texture of wood, which accentuate the decorative lacquer or oil coating. Homemade ladder can be built from almost any material, manufacturers prefer to work with hardwood.

Igor Hood (director of production company RealStairs):

Larch, beech, ash and oak are the best varieties for the production of wooden stairs. These materials are characterized by high density, hardness, resistance to mechanical wear, excellent decorativeness. They respond well to turning that allows to realize the project of any complexity.

The hardness of wood is determined by Brinell - the wood was tested with a steel ball 10 mm in diameter, which are pressed into the surface with a force of 100 kg and measure the resulting hole. The hardness of the wood depends on the resistance to mechanical stress. The density of each timber is measured at a humidity of 12%. The higher the density, the stronger material. In the following figures given grades:

• Larch: density - 950-1020 kg / m³, hardness - 2.5 kgf / mm²;
• Beech: density - 650-700 kg / m³, hardness - 3.8 kgf / mm²;
• ash: density - 660-700 kg / m³, hardness - 4-4,1 kg / mm²;
• Oak: density - 600-930 kg / m³, hardness - 3.3-3.9 kg / mm².

Some of DIY and manufacturers use pine - hardness is comparable with larch, but its density is 500 kg / m³, which may result in rapid wear and problems in the process of operation. It is also possible to order the production of stairs made of exotic varieties, but it is not accessible exclusive.

In order to save can be a combination of materials.

Novtur (User FORUMHOUSE):

I plan to order a wooden staircase to the second floor of the house of laminated veneer lumber. The design will be kosour with turntable (on 180⁰). I wanted to do all of oak, but it turns out expensive. The question for manufacturers and professional installers of stairs if you can combine the - stage made of oak, and the remaining parts of conifers? At one company saying that you can not (different expansion of the wood), and on the other, it is possible. If you step out of the oak will be on the stringers of the pine nothing as critical will not, and if embedded in the string, it is another matter. What do you think of this?

It is possible, but under certain conditions:

Igor Kozhukhov:

If the home is to maintain a stable climate, there will be any material issues, including the fact that the house is made of. Combine wood can be more important to the quality of the details of which will be made staircase. In the house of laminated veneer lumber, I would suggest doing the stairs on the string, which at harvest will protect the wall. Stage kosour lying on the wall, require the use of wall skirting, which is usually attached to the wall. For laminated veneer lumber is not necessary to mount the plinth as shrinkage plinth disperse and lose form. If stringers are required in design, they can be used by the guards.

designing of stairs

As with any complex structure, a ladder must be first design. Without detailed drawings with all dimensions will be difficult to collect even the simplest march, not to mention the more complex options.

Ideally, the ladder should be laid at the design stage, prior to the construction of the house.

Igor Kozhukhov:

The staircase is designed taking into account the family structure and features of the room so as to calculate the optimum in terms of convenience and security settings. This step size, and tread, and the width of a march, and a critical point (the height between the steps and the ceiling). The project should be established with the beginning of construction of the house, the main mistake - designing the stairs to the stage finish finishing when making any adjustments or already technically impossible or would result in serious financial investments.

Now freely available tools weight: this calculator to calculate the size and configuration stairs and all the elements, and graphics editors, you can create a project based on the received calculations. Simple designs can be drawn by hand, it's even better than doing "out of my head." But if the staircase is supposed to order at professionals, the design is also better to leave them in most organizations, this service is free and is included in the price ladder. If the design is delayed to after it was not necessary to break the ceiling or put the elevator, you must lay the right opening, which for many is difficult.

anilyin (User FORUMHOUSE):

Explain, please, what are the standards for cut opening on the top floor under the stairs?

Requirements for stairs in the houses determines SNIP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings", but not always even the professional can create a corresponding project in all respects. Typically, designers are limited by the space that the owners took a ladder. The more this space is, the more chance of a normal access to the second floor.

Igor Kozhukhov:

Ladder passes through two points:

• exit the place where we are standing on the second floor;
• point to the ceiling, where we need to go down to not touch his head for the doorway.

Through these two points draw a line extension of the line rests on the floor. If you make the line less steep, we split the head of the overlap, if a steep staircase will get steeper and less comfortable.

Features of manufacture and installation of stairs

Elements of wooden stairs are made from laminated boards, dialed width of several lamellas, such shields are called Continuous. These boards are manufactured prefabricated, high-tech equipment that minimizes the possibility of marriage.

ladders manufacture - this design for individual introductory, manufacturing elements of prefabricated panels, workpieces (primary finishing) and assembly.

One of the most important parameters affecting the end result is the moisture level in workshops.

Igor Kozhukhov:

Wood, like living organisms, is extremely sensitive to the level of humidity. It depends on it and the geometry of the product and the accuracy of the assembly, and as a ladder will behave on the site. There may be situations when the structure mounted at the place rassohnetsya or swell because of the abrupt change of regime. If the shop has been too dry and humidity in the room increased, the wood with excessive if the opposite - dry. To create optimal conditions as close as possible to the operating conditions, used air humidification system.

After producing the set of all elements of the process chamber are painted with resistant coatings to the external environment.

Igor Kozhukhov:

stairs,Make ProIs coated with a special varnish designed for stairs, he does not slip and does not creak. It is important to cover the invisible hand parts to humidity changes when the item is subjected to uneven loads. Every detail is covered in several layers on all sides with intermediate grinding.

Before shipment to the site to carry out control assembly, allowing the stairs on-site installation does not require finishing elements. No dusty processes, there is no "a file revision" characteristic when buying a ready kit for self-assembly.

Igor Kozhukhov:

Object stairs bring in finished form, the installation takes one day ladder placed on a clean floor. Excluded damage the floor when installing. Excluded damage stairs during construction (finishing) work.

Our members are interested in the sequence of actions.

Valiant123 (FORUMHOUSE User):

It worries me question the order in which generally make the floors and stairs. For example, I put the finishing floor, put a ladder on it. The next spring, most likely, will have to shift the floor, the boards are dry and cracks appear. Stairs will interfere. If first put a ladder, floorboards have to get it, it is time-consuming. Or mount the floor, then stairs to the shifting of a ladder to dismantle gender. Can you please tell how to do?

Before mounting the finished floor can be, for example, to use a temporary barracks:

Igor Kozhukhov:

Normal ladder is better to put on clean floors - that is, on the floors, which are shifted. Prior to that, the floors are not considered to be clean cut, so I advise you to use a temporary staircase.

Due to the increased popularity of log houses, their owners are also interested in aspects of an installation of stairs.

anilyin:

Clarify, please - when there is mounting the stairs to the wooden frame?

The main condition - the lack of rigid coupling, which is contraindicated due to shrinkage.

Igor Kozhukhov:

In a wooden house should take into account the shrinkage and eliminate the attachment to the walls. If you attach to the walls of the staircase, shrinkage will "freeze" the construction of the wall. May appear deformation and disruption of the integrity of the wall. On the outer walls can be broken insulation. Typically, a ladder mounted before or after the installation of door - to clean the floor with the finished wall. Stretch ceilings can be installed after the stairs.

The most common problem is considered to be the wooden stairs creak appearing with the passage of time.

Thinking (FORUMHOUSE User):

As stated by professionals, the creak of the number of fasteners is independent, that is the essence of this question, and I want to understand. As an engineer with the physical and technical education, is not satisfied with the responses of non-professionals in soimennoy topic. What is the cause squeaking, and that, in particular, need to take to avoid this nuisance?

Igor Kozhukhov:

Creaking excluded if:

• there had been no errors in the design - precisely matched all the dimensions of the elements;
• there had been no error in the assembly - the design stress acts on the top downwards;
• uses a special adhesive - compositions based on rubber, elastic maximum when stretched deformation, and do not burst, exposing the edge parts;
• It maintained normal indoor humidity - moisturizers are used if necessary.

Considering manufacturing cost stairs, when selecting the organization makes sense to visit the production, chat with other customers confirm the quality of the materials used. The origin of the adhesive system and furniture panels simply "punch" through the Internet, knowing the name. And to determine the type of ladder easiest way again, on the shop floor - to get acquainted with the stairs that pass a test assembly.

The producers can get free advice on the optimal design of the staircase, as well as sending their data to obtain the calculation may eat, and it does not require placing. If we decided to contact the professionals, it is necessary to consider that the ladder depends on the time of manufacture complexity and, in some cases, it may be several months, it makes sense to order early.

One of the craftsmen of the portal in a wooden house set ladder made of plywoodNot less interesting device podlestnichnom storage area in space. Access to the attic will provide Folding wooden staircase, but porch with rounded steps and convenient, and it looks interesting. In the video - a wooden staircase with steps zabezhnymi.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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