The ancient building techniques. Riddles heating large buildings

Continuing the previous topic about ancient building techniques with the production of uncomfortable questions.

One of the questions that historians do not pay attention (because they are not builders and heating engineers) - this is an issue related to the heating of ancient palaces and temples. In particular, the question of stove heating. A more precise - it is ineffective in large rooms.

If you look at the interiors of old buildings, we can see that the rooms have high ceilings, huge windows, and often one or two small furnace:

1. Revising a set of similar photos, the first thing that catches your eye - this is something that is clearly not the furnace installed on the project. They do not belong there. Probably, they have established here long after the construction of the building (and even more of its design).

2. Location furnaces. Location stoves in old buildings - usually a corner of the room. Or the center, but at the wall.

This location is very optimal. Warms up only part of the premises.

The most efficient variant is oven heating furnace arrangement in the farmhouse. In the center stands the house with a furnace and oven hob in the kitchen, and the layout of the rooms so that every corner of the oven goes into this room. This cottage has passed all my childhood (before entering the university).

Est layout with this arrangement the furnace. It has been clear about what I'm saying.

Yes, this house is not more than 50 m2. If more - need a second oven and you can change the layout.

3. Thermal calculation.

Draw the approximate Thermal calculation. Exact will depend on many factors: the thickness of the wall (brick), window area, the temperature and humidity outside the window, etc ...

Quote:

Conventionally, it is assumed that 1m2 furnace radiate 500 watts per hour for one day at the twice-per day kiln furnace. At the base of the furnace 1x1 m at the standard height of 2.1m, the heat-transfer surface area will be equal to 4 * 2.1 = 8.4 m2, where power is 8.4 * 500W = 4200Vt / h or 4.2 kW / h.

For conventional unit heat 1m3 average value taking room 40 watts.

Source: kaminopech.rf / blog / kak_rasschitat_neobkhodimyj_razmer_pechi / 2016-05-03-21

If you take a large hall of the old mansion, the volume of the room can be up to 500 m3. Heat loss will amount to 20 kW. To maintain the necessary temperature oven with surface area of ​​40 m2. If the furnace height about 2 m, then its perimeter furnace should be 20 m.

Those. length of one side of the furnace should be 5 m. Alternatively, necessary to put three furnaces with the length of the base is not less than 1.7 m. And flushing twice daily.

And imagine that something like this should be in every room of the palace.

Even if you install a sufficient number of furnaces, their service is connected with the constant dirt: dust and debris from the wood and ashes. Furnaces do not always work perfectly, could be smoke in the rooms. And along with it, carbon monoxide, especially during sleep time is dangerous. Fire risk is also very high on such a large number of furnaces.

And how heated the huge and tall buildings of churches and temples? There's a set of dome - many meters and all the heat goes up. A service in the church need to spend the holidays in any frost. Really, all the same, wood-heated?

Yes, often by the same wood-burning stoves

Did our ancestors were so ignorant that anything other than how to install wood-burning stoves in the palaces - have not been able to come up with?

I came across videos where the author shows in the old destroyed buildings inside the walls of the cavity (at this photo are also visible) are not used and can not be tube furnaces (they have no soot). Ventilation? Maybe. The assumption is that this foam air ducts for heating by type of modern furnace Buleryan:

The basement was like a furnace and through wiring to supply heat the air in the cavity walls, and maybe even the sexes (as is known, the most efficient heating system - it is heated floors). Walls and floors were warm (if overlapping were of brick arches), reduces heat loss of the building. And where necessary, it was made out of warm air in the room.

Perhaps for this reason, we do not see a lot of pipes in the photographs late 19th century.

But the most intelligent were the ancient Romans. They used an air heating system, heating floor:

Such a system not only to heat the premises, but also terms, their baths, which in Rome were countless. On this subject, talk later separately.

In view of detected cavities in the walls of old houses in the 18-19 centuries. in Russia - as could be heated and. But then for some reason, this technology has been forgotten, lost, or seemed not effective.

I think that the first two assumptions. Air heating was used:

In Rezantsev village near Moscow, carried out excavations such a furnace type the Roman hypocaust, heated Temple

There is an alternative version of that furnace until a certain time in the buildings were not needed. There was a different climate, warm even in winter until the latitude of St. Petersburg. With these times left word nonchalant (no oven).

Another interesting fact. Before 1917 The Russian Empire was the largest exporter of pineapples. Yes, it's not a joke. We grew them, of course, in greenhouses and greenhouses. But the tradition might have come from far away, the warm season.

Remember Mayakovsky: eatpineapples, Chew grouse, Your last day comes, bourgeois.

Pineapples were common fruit in the master's table as the game in the form of after grouse hunting.

Why was a warm climate? One theory: the equator held elsewhere. He was to the north. There has been a shift in the geographic poles and the north come cold climate of Eurasia. It also has some evidence, which can not be specified in a single article.

Another interesting fact, in addition version on Climate Change - it lobbies in old buildings. They were added later, and the buildings themselves do not fit into their interiors:

With 0:44:11 minutes interesting observations about the lobbies. In general, the whole will be an interesting lecture Artem for those who are interested in history. At 0:20:15 - later made about heating in the temples.

Well, that would finish off this topic, briefly touch fireplaces. Chimney - this is such a nedopech, wherein if the fire stopped burning - he stopped warming. Because warm it practically only by radiation from the flame. Review warm air out vertically upward almost without heating laying.

There is a version that these buildings in medieval Europe used exclusively for cooking over an open fire. On the spit, for instance.

And some say this building was originally worked on different principles. And the fire it began to grow much later.

To be continued…

Photos taken from public sources, with Yandex service. Pictures

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