The ancient building techniques. Moscow cellars

In the old technology there is always an element of the puzzle. About the past, we often can only guess, because Many descriptions of the construction did not survive. The few books were burned, were lost. Describe the oral transmission and the experience was lost with the change of generations and wars.

At the time, I found some interesting information. I will try to describe what I find it mysterious. In Moscow, at the intersection of ul. And Salsola Str. Zabelin is normal by the standards of Moscow's House:

But not everyone knows that underneath it and located next to the dungeon:

Layout on the scale 1: 100. By the group "Modellmiks"

The imposition of part of the cellars on the Google map.

According to historical information, in the XVI century merchant Nikitnikov here was arranged Salt fish courtyard. Stored salt, potash and salt fish. On the surface were barns and stalls. Probably, each shop had underground portion.

But it does not mean anything if you do not see pictures of the cellars:

The walls and vaults of brick. Partly in the 20th century. reinforced concrete. Inside routed communications and today they remind underground industrial facilities.

According to the description of those who have been there, some passages are so broad that there can turn the truck.

Vaults - brick arch-ribbed ceiling. What is needed are extensive underground street?

Arches made as in all the houses of the time. Centuries later, in the damp brick still preserved. Sprinkle the surface only in some places.

Basically strengthened with reinforced concrete vaults.

Schemes diggers, street and basement premises and go beyond the quarter and the street:

From the official point of view, nothing unusual: the cellars and basements. But once again look at their layout. And think how it could build in the 16th century?

In our time, to build such a huge plinth, is marked platform-fit equipment and dug a pit. The soil taken away out of town to a place where you need to raise its level. Built base and higher - building. But here only the cellars.

Based on a single wall in the layout - in the old days did the same, built not on-stage every trader their basement, namely a single cellar. I wonder how many employees and how long was dug pit, how many carts of soil was removed?

And most importantly - why such a project? Is not it easier to build all over the earth? Frost heave and should bury the foundation? Technology has been driving wooden piles. With a basement - it is the optimal solution. St. Isaac's Cathedral stands on them.

What was needed was a low flow temperature? Yes, perhaps, but not of the same area? The volume of those premises that would be enough fish to stock up for decades to come all the then Moscow!

Among researchers there is an alternate history version of the listed ground of old buildings. Accumulated examples in this topic a lot. Somehow in another article I will touch on that information. Where there is in asking questions.

So, this version of these dungeons - nothing like basements or ground floors of the buildings of ancient Moscow. And earlier it was granted, it is very reminiscent of medieval Europe:

If you make a plan of the building, it will be very similar to the plan of the Moscow cellars Solyanka.

Look carefully at the picture with dense buildings. Houses in the neighborhood - one on one.

There is another version that are the remnants of the burnt houses in Moscow 1812. But why their site is not built up new ones?

This version strikes a lot of other questions: what happened, what the houses were destroyed, and the cellars were? Where is it mentioned in the stories or records?

As it was based on the fact, whether only for the storage of food stocks on a gigantic scale for Moscow at that time? Or you can still listen to the alternate version? What do you think?

Photo taken: zapret-no.livejournal.com/108219.html

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The previous article in this series: The ancient building techniques. Fixtures and cultured marble

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