Options for the foundations of the house. My choice

Before the start of construction or design of the house is necessary to study the theory. Theme selection of the foundation is probably one of the most important. This is the foundation of the house. To understand what the foundation is suitable in your case specifically, ideally, should be ordered geology, soils, learn their bearing capacity, then calculate the mass of the house and on the basis of the data, choose the type of foundation, take its weight and square.

Frankly speaking, I think the second half of the above, and the data on the bearing capacity of soil taken from the tables, because knew that the soil in the area - it is plastic clay. Considered slab foundation. Why this type of foundation - the information below.

What types of foundations I saw? Proceeding from the wall material (aerated):

- melkozaglublenny tape base;

- Swedish insulation plate (UWB);

- cooker - an inverted bowl;

- plate-bowl.

1. not considered pile-foundations rostverkovye because of their complexity of manufacturing. Holes for piles can be drilled anchor truck, concrete piles can be done yourself (for example, one at night). A grillage concreting should be done by a one-time fill with concrete truck mixer. What I see cons of this foundation? The fact that it must be very well considered. The entire burden falls on the pile raft foundation does not rest on the ground. To be precise, it is harmful to rely on the ground. When supporting and frost heave may burst or tear from the piles.

You can make piles how did Dmitry Koblikov (eponymous channel in youtube): dug pit a 1x1 and a depth of 2 m, concreted pad therein with a predetermined reinforcement, sheathed with formwork bearing area of ​​less than site. The outer perimeter covered with soil and piles concreted. And further - grillage on these stilts. The result was a large area with the design of bearing piles, when they can not squeeze to any frost heave. But it's hard work. I watched his videos and admired his motivation and zeal.

Inside you need to do something, to equip the floors: slabs, floors on the ground. Wooden joists on the first floor is not considered at all.

Concrete must be a lot of volume comparable to tape melkozaglublennym foundation. But it is easier to build. Piles TISE I took a bath in the construction and to the piles had antipathy. In general, this option even threw a cursory examination.

2. Melkozaglublenny strip foundation.

One of the most common types of foundations. And digs a trench is marked in accordance with the plan set formwork, sand is filled cushion, impermeable polyethylene and reinforced. And fill, of course. grade concrete is not below M250. It's better M300-400. Reinforcing steel bars only, no steklokompozitnoy because Tape sometimes plays as a beam.

Cons saw this:

- I would have dug a trench at least a month and spent for these works a lot of effort.

- a large amount of timber that can no longer be used in the work.

- delivery valves on the car 6m-long measures

- the volume of concrete is good, with a margin of strength strip foundation needed by volume as much as comparable to the plate, and even more.

- inside the foundation necessary to equip the floors. Again options: floor slabs (expensive) and floors on the ground (heavy and long).

Pros: the height of the foundation at least 50 cm above the ground.

3. Insulated Swedish stove.

Modern technology. Is a pit (or platform), slept airbag, laid communication (drainage, water and electricity input) compacted airbag. Next stacked extruded polystyrene cup-shaped, fixed on the formwork perimeter. Reinforced by external reinforcement and bearing walls. As an inside core and the insulation in the body of the foundation is laid the same extruded polystyrene. Then reinforced top layer 1-2 reinforcement laid pipe for floor heating, verified by its tightness (crimping) and filled with concrete.

A lot of work. The total cost of materials is high. Such medium size foundations 10h10m may owner to dispense 500 thousand. The cost of not less than 250-300 thousand. Just do not count.

Lows (again for me):

- the complexity of the installation;

- the high cost due to the large volume of various materials;

Another shortcoming I see in the operation of the foundation. Information from the reviews homeowners with this type of foundation: it is a great inertia teplonagreva and heat transfer. Whatever it is heated to the required temperature at the beginning of the heating season, need a week. Similarly, when the temperature jumps in the street. Spring frosts at night and during the day - zero temperature. And this foundation as a heating element of the first floor has no time to cool down in the required time period, although the boiler and controls the equipment (through a timer or a temperature sensor). Those. it is necessary to keep the temperature at the same level all the time.

But there is a plus for those who use the dual-rate system of payment for electricity. For example, UWB night can be heated at very low cost, and in the afternoon the electric boiler switch off the timer. Clips the description of this procedure in the network much.

4. Stove - an inverted bowl

In fact, this foundation construction, constructive use of UWB. Just do not use a backing of polystyrene and floor heating is done later, after the construction of the house. Expanded polystyrene is used only as blockouts. Many use a conventional foam and even make void collected from the boards and plywood. Either make the inside formwork and covered with sand.

Almost to the beginning of spring considered an option due to some concrete savings. But eventually abandoned due to increasing complexity despite some minimum savings on concrete. In addition, and this foundation is better to count, or better yet find specialists.

5. Stove-bowl.

I realized for myself that the best solution would be a simple slab foundation. But do not like it one - is its low height. For my project, it was equal to 30 cm. And I would like to 45-50 cm above the ground. The solution was found - a pour plate after pouring another raft foundation, tape over the plate. We can say that it will turn out more and ribs for the foundation:

Raft foundation or basement of the plate can be lifted out of brick or concrete to fill in as follows:

I definitely decided to do the concrete strip at the plate.

Many of the old spread, pick up a brick. Without even knowing the meaning. Type all do. It used to be done to equalize the difference in the corners, if the foundation was poured not into the horizon. To raise its height this method, in my opinion, it is not necessary. Brick cold material, absorbs the water better than concrete. And in the bowl will stand until the water is not built the roof. And for a few seasons can to some extent be destroyed. Even count the effort to lay the brick, the cost of the solution, delivering bricks. foundation cost may increase by tens of thousands.

Thus, the advantages of this type of foundation:

- ease of installation of formwork and reinforcement;

- optimal amount of concrete. Comparison, I see the following articles;

- immediately subfloor. Atop mounted floor heating, which at sufficient heat-insulating properties of the wall can be a source and heating the first floor;

- absence of costs for wooden formwork materials. I did decorative permanent formwork;

- possible reinforcement steklokompozitnoy reinforcement. Stove - it's not the beam;

- in my design with tape over the plate - the height of the foundation 45 cm (10 cm consumed blind area).

As said, this foundation I have made and the know-how. I decided to build it from the permanent formwork with a decorative surface "Washed concrete." About the construction process and the outcomes of the work in 2018. Read the following article.

In conclusion I want to say also the following:

Often developers are trying to save on the foundation. Make screw piles (for karkasnikov or wooden houses), pile foundations, and then... And then very much regret the decision. Firstly, these types of foundations give only the initial savings. Next you need to make high quality padded floors, before that pave the grid that protects the floor from rodents. Further insulate the perimeter of piles and make him a facade. As a result, the foundation (including all work and materials) goes more and more expensive tape or slab. A trampoline floors supported by wooden beams - is still the headache and frustration ...

P.S. For professional builders, who will comment on the report. I described his amateur experience and their approach in the choice of foundation. I made it as far as understood in the subject. But my choice I do not regret.

Read more: My choice of material for the walls of the house. Lumber or frame?

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Photos taken from public sources, with Yandex service. Pictures

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