Attic - Equips the brainchild of Mansehra

Appearing for the first time in the capital and major cities in France, in our country house with an attic floor the most widely used in the cottage construction. The debate about whether to build a loft, or choose a full floor appropriate, do not cease. And hardly ever hand ever come to a consensus. In each case - their advantages and disadvantages, so I will not enter into needless controversy, and take a closer look:

• What is the attic.
• Methods device.
• Arrangement (insulation, lighting, decoration).

What is the attic

In simple terms, a loft - it's residential or utility room between the ceiling of the top floor and the roof. If we use the definition of SNIP (2.08.01-89), the attic - a room in the attic space, facade is created (fully or partially) the inclined surface (sloping) or polygonal (hip) roof. And the line of intersection of the planes of the roof and the facade should be at no more than one and a half meters from the floor level of the attic.

Because of the specific shape, space attic area is also governed by building codes, and the height to sloping ceiling depends on the angle of slope of the roof:

• 1.5 m - slope at 30⁰.
• 1.1 m - slope at 45⁰.
• 0.5 m - slope at 60⁰ and more.

It is the angle of the roof will depend on the effective area of ​​the attic. If extended, high roof is not the highlight of the project, the angle enough 30⁰-40⁰ range.

In fact, the attic is insulated, residential attic, since all norms SNIP height and area, in addition to these maximum one and a half meters vertical wall, reference. Loft apartments will be considered and a few tens of squares when a large slab perimeter and in the closet a few meters, in a modest house. Optimal in terms of comfort is considered the height of the maximum point of the attic of 2.5 meters, the minimum sanitary norms - 2.3 meters. And does it make sense to spend money on the arrangement of the attic, depends primarily on the dimensions of the house - if it width of less than five meters of, the resulting room space will be too small for comfort use.

In addition, the convenience of attic space and the economic feasibility of their arrangement depend on the type of roof. More living space is obtained under the hip designs, especially if it roof Sudeikin.

With this arrangement, the proportion of the useful area of ​​almost 90%. However, cost-hipped roof in the lead, whereas under the gable attic, though there will be less, but also its cost price will lower.

Attic can fit into the target external walls or act beyond. If cantilever significant, additional supporting pillars or columns. Attic can also be recessed into, a space - used as a terrace. Inside the premises are carried out, or on the basis of the type of roof - triangular, under the sloping roofs, broken, a gambrel, or without reference to the rafter system. In the second case between the buttress and enclosing structures are formed "pockets" that can be used to store the stuff.

methods device

There are two main ways to get a loft - schedule it at the design stage or to decorate cold attic as the need arises to expand the living space. In the first case, the construction is carried out taking into account the specifics of the design, all the costs are laid in the budget, in advance defined functional premises. Even the furnishings makes sense to lay at the design stage to installation at no problems with the size. But if it is furnished with a rarity, the careful layout of the premises - the norm for members of the portal.

PMWoman (Participant FORUMHOUSE):

First floor - kitchen, and when her pantry, living room, guest bathroom, preferably close to the entrance, and it Lapo-foot sink. Privacy zone is separated from the general - two bedrooms, owner bath and laundry plant with separate toilet, bath - shower (building) and the tub (preferably in a bathroom window), a sauna, laundry. Attic - one or two rooms, simple bathroom (toilet, sink, shower) and a large room for the exhibition and storage of huge collection of machines. And jobs to work with them.

In a second embodiment of the attic to reach the hands when the house is getting crowded, and attic size allows comfortable enough to equip the room. This situation may be complicated by lack of roof insulation cake, which is vital for insulation of the attic floor. Which greatly complicate the already difficult process of transformation in the cold attic suitable for living or farming room.

Lengis (Member FORUMHOUSE):

There was a question of construction of the attic in the attic, attic neuteplonny, house 10 by 8 meters, roof height from the floor attic to the roof ridge - 6 m, with a truss girder crate of beams and corrugated board, no wind, no vapor barrier on no roof.

In addition, when the alteration of the attic stairs may be a problem with the construction, which simply can not accommodate the project, and under which it is now necessary to find a place. If the free-squares have difficulty doing stairs spiral if very tight, collapsible - to put forward as necessary and removes unnecessary. These models create some inconveniences and limitations, but provide access.

Decoration

To loft it was actually the living quarters in which to be comfortable, it should be insulated, illuminated and decorated, taking into account the structural features.

Warming

Although the construction, even if conversion work, the most important step is the insulation of the attic, even if it is a seasonal house for summer holidays. Without a sufficient layer of loft insulation material in the summer turns into a noisy oven, which will be in a difficult and night, not that day.

In the attic are insulated all horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces - floor, roof, gables. As a heater used various slab, rolled, or sprayed zasypnye materials, but the most popular rock wool. This type of insulation is resistant to moisture, fire, insects and micro-organisms, has low thermal conductivity and high coefficient of sound absorption. Last but not least mineral wool is chosen because of their relative environmental friendliness - though they contain as part of chemicals, but in minimal quantities. No shrinkage over time and, consequently, no danger of thermal bridges - also an important indicator. If the device allows the overlap of floating screed, to insulate the attic floor, many use Epps.

For most regions, sufficient insulation thickness of 200 mm. To maximize insulated room, it is recommended to use two layers of slabs 100 mm thick, with stacking with overlap joints - the first layer between the joists, the second - on top of the first. Plates stacked vraspor the first layer, the standard pitch roof system just allows to stack them so that they are in a somewhat compressed state. If not, you need to fill additional bars. However, any insulation will work effectively only with the right of the "pie", which includes safety and film - waterproofing between the insulation and roofing material, a vapor barrier and - on top of a heater, before finish. And so that moisture that collects under the roof, removed free ventilation between the insulation and the roof ventilation gap is - about 5 cm, and is arranged with roofing ridge aeroelementami.

Rostislav (Participant FORUMHOUSE):

In mansard roofs must have its "loft", shortened to 5 cm - between the insulation and the roof covering is called the ventilation gap. Heat always rises from spaces passes vapor barrier and insulation and seeking to escape into the atmosphere, and this gap and will yield. The eaves of the roof mounted ventilation strips (retained or slits) through which the outside air will flow. It will take place from the eaves to the ridge, to pick up the pair and blowing them into aerators (or opening in the ridge). The basic principle of insulation - vapor barrier is placed close to the heater, the amount of insulation should not be less than recommended for the particular climatic zone, on top of a heater - membrane, well air permeable, or waterproofing.

Lighting

The lighting roof space was full, the windows are installed not only vertical - in the gables, but sloping directly into the roof. Therefore, the length of the window depends on the inclination of slope and its width - from step trusses. For the installation of the roof window is mounted vertically between the rafters timber. The most affordable, but impractical option - fixed constructions without opening mechanism. More expensive, but also more practical windows do not differ much from the front - they can be opened completely or mode ventilation, there is a combination of window-balcony, for hard to reach places, automatic release system with remote control. There are several rules regarding lighting:

• Glazing area should be not less than 10%, but preferably greater (at the attic area of ​​10 m² window area - not less than 1 m).
• The lower the roof pitch, the greater the height of the window.
• The optimum distance from the floor to the window is 90-110 cm.
• If we arrange the windows to the west and to the east, you can enjoy both the sunset and sunrise.
• To qualitatively insulate and seal the window construction, yet at the stage of the project should move the rafters "tied" to the typical size of the window - the width and the addition of 5-7 cm.

For uniform illumination throughout the day in the attic is better to make a few small windows than one large. If the glass area larger than 1 m², then make two windows with an area of ​​2 m² - three windows, and on the rise. As for materials, modern windows are in wood and in plastic salaries with various accessories. Choice here is limited financial capacity, styling and finishing purpose rooms - the kitchen or bathroom a tree should not be set. Leakage is regarded as the principal scourge of skylights, in most cases - the result of mistakes during installation and not a property of such windows as a whole. Therefore, how to behave in a window of operation does not depend on the brand (if it is not a handicraft samopaly by small firms) and compliance of the technology and the use of special materials in installation.

Gennadiy_S (Member FORUMHOUSE):

I am engaged in the installation of roof windows for over ten years and I would say that the main thing - it is correctly installed, regardless of the company and the type of windows.

decoration

Considering peculiarity of the attic construction, when the main area of ​​the walls formed by the roofing system, and a layer of insulation is required, demand for finishing the "dry" method. It involves creating on all planes crates of iron (profiles) or timber (lumber) of guides, on which are mounted board materials - conventional or water-resistant gypsum board, plywood, particleboard or fiberboard, OSB, rarely DSP. Step batten and the guide section depends on the chosen trim - the heavier it is, the frame must be massive. Guides for gypsum board is typically mounted at a distance of 40-60 cm. These limits are stacked and most other leafy varieties.

Matlex (Member FORUMHOUSE):

The metal frame of the profiles with a step of 40 cm and then lining in two layers with plasterboard. Ideally - refractory sheets can only refractory bottom layer, but not the ceiling. We check the level of all the planes after the skin - should be smooth, especially the inside corners of the attic. Finish: primer, putty, sanding, gossamer (fiberglass), rendering, grinding, priming, painting. All corners are reinforced metallolentoy or tape for inner corners, but the first one better.

In the separation of the attic on several premises, partitions are also made of lightweight sheet materials, and secured to the rafters (webs of the profile) and overlap, are used for soundproofing mineral wool.

If as a finish layer is used linings or composite panel (PVC, MDF, block house), their directly attached to lath. Regardless of the material between the frame and trim should be a small air gap. Sheathing frame begin with stingrays, after going gables and ceiling finish, if hipped roof. Theoretically, the ceiling can be clad and the rough board, and after the plaster, but resort to this method seldom due to its labor-intensive, while the lining plates, lining or panels does not require special skills and a lot of time. All used in the finishing of the attic wooden materials before installing the necessary protective equipment is processed, and if they are finishing, you will be required and decorative - varnish, wax or oil.

Sleng (Member FORUMHOUSE):

Molded with a 99% confidence gets going a bit, so it should be painted before assembly.

Finishing materials for the design of the attic - the mass, and if an attic in a house for permanent residence, that there are practically no restrictions. When it comes to seasonal residence, the choice must take into account fluctuations in temperature and choose the finish that will stand and frost and thaw, and high humidity.

As for color, the light colors visually expand the space, which is important for a few cramped attic rooms. Customary in other areas of curtains and blinds in the attic can be replaced by blinds - textiles clutter the room, but if the rooms are spacious, a matter of taste.

When the device in the attic, living rooms there are trying to locate a bathroom, it was not necessary each time to go down. Even in a small room actually select several squares at the toilet and sink, and if size allows, even under the shower or watering from the pallet. To avoid problems with distributing water and sanitation, have a bathroom on the same premises of the ground floor or the kitchen. When you finish paying special attention to sealing - modern materials allow fine brace and lay tile, and for cladding can use water-resistant plates, tiles, PVC panels or other materials designed for wet Wednesday.

Whatever you call the room - an attic or loft insulated, get a comfortable addition to the meters free unrealistic, and try to save money on insulation or decoration - not the best solution. If you have time and the desire to really build attic in the home, saving on the masters. If wage labor is preferable - look at the performers Exchange FORUMHOUSE.

Various ways of warming and finishing the attic floor section on warm roofs. Otblitsevat The facade of the house - in the material the effective facade. A roof can be covered a slate tile, And get quiet, and affordable, and the arts. In this video attic insulation process.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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