Revision to build: an algorithm

Nine cards that explain how to find out that the house needs repair, a diagnosis of fractures and why it is necessary to check the roof after each shower

The house can stand for a hundred years or even more, if the care and time to make repairs him. We have prepared cards that explain how long are the different elements of the house, how to evaluate his condition and what signs indicate that it is time to do.

Content

• When the time to do repair: how to assess the condition of the house on the state standards and the joint venture
• How many times it is necessary to repair the house of his life
• How to determine the condition of the home through cracks in the wall
• What defects can be in the basement
• How to make inspection of the roof

By what standards evaluate the state of the house? At what stage of the house is considered good, but at what – do not be reconstructed?

The technical condition of the house is divided into three categories in accordance with GOST R 53778-2010 "Buildings and structures. Rules of inspection and monitoring technical condition ": efficiency, limited-usable and disaster. More detailed classification is given in the joint venture 13-102-2003 "Rules Survey bearing structures of buildings and structures":

• Working condition - there are defects and damage that affect the usability or reduce the load-bearing capacity.
• usable state - some of the parameters do not meet the requirements of the project, but that does not adversely affect the performance and does not affect the bearing capacity of the structure.
• limited Function - bearing capacity reduced design, but if you monitor her condition, you may continue to operate - the danger that the house suddenly collapses, no.
• inadmissible - live in a dangerous building is urgently needed reinforcement structure and safety measures.
• Emergency - bearing capacity is exhausted, there is a danger of collapse, we need immediate emergency measures.

And these documents about the state of the finish coats?

No, they only determine the state of load-bearing, self-supporting and enclosing structures. For topcoats define moral and physical deterioration. If these values ​​are large, the coating change.

How many years will last the house and how many times in his life to do repairs?

According to current building codes, you need to focus on the following indices for residential buildings:

• The house on a concrete foundation with brick wallsOr walls of concrete blocks with wooden beams and wooden staircases can stand for a hundred years. Normal, the so-called current repairs will need to do every three years, selective repair (when capitally repaired some individual elements of the system or the house) - every six years, and a complete overhaul is needed every 24 of the year.
• Wooden houses on a concrete foundation with wooden beams less durable, the planned service life of 50 years, the normal repair is done the same way every three years, selective capital every six, and every 18 years will need to overhaul all the construction of the house.
• Timber frame, prefabricated panel houses etc. build an average of 30 years, and care need: routine maintenance every two years, major overhaul of individual elements - every six years, and a complete overhaul - every 15 years.

How old is the average should last for different elements of a dwelling house overhaul?

Minimum operation time before overhaul defines VSN 58-88 (p). This is a great document, which defines the general terms of all elements of the house, up to the toilet, and heated towel rails. We will focus on the most basic.

• Foundations without repair can last 60 years (pile), and tape an average of 50 years.
• The brick walls of 40-50 years old, 30 years old, wooden, from gas and other units as well, frame and prefabricated panels, too.
• Overlap of 60 to 80 years, depending on the material: the construction of reinforced concrete is much more durable than wood.
• From 20 Floors (DWT) to 60 (ceramic tiles in concrete and oak parquet). Different types of wooden floors are without repairs to three decades.
• About roof can be forgotten for 60 years (if it is properly assembled quality ceramic tiles). The roof of slate with proper care will last 30 years, made of galvanized steel - 15 years.

On what grounds can figure out whether to do the foundation repair?

Here are the signs:

• cracks in the walls and basement;
• doors and windows will not open, it is planned distortion;
• House partially or fully settles.

On examination, it can be detected and the defects themselves bases: Drawdown, cracks, delamination or destruction of the protective layer, corrosion of reinforcement and concrete.

Igor3

Member FORUMHOUSE

There are several reasons for the destruction of concrete (foundation).

Low quality of the concrete.
Top up the water in the concrete.
Freezing concrete.
The foundation is not designed for the load.
Freezing of capillary water.
Concrete is dry, do not gain sufficient strength.

On FORUMHOUSE have a great topic: Repair the crumbling foundation easilyWhich clearly illustrates one embodiment of repairs.

Is it always cracks on the walls - evidence of problems with the foundation?

No not always. In principle, it is possible to put the house quite accurate diagnosis by type of external cracks.

• The crack extends from the base to the top: a place where the crack was formed, almost certainly sank the foundation.
• Crack the top narrowAnd extends close to the base: the overlap too much pressure on the wall.
• The walls went vertical cracks: foundation situated above the level of ground water freezing, and spring heave reeling it up and down.
• The wall is cracked diagonally: Foundation squander unevenly, under some part of his emptiness. The second option - a foundation around the perimeter at different soil bearing capacity.
• All diagonal cracks go in one direction: dipped one corner of the house.
• All diagonal cracks go in different directions: foundation evenly dipped in several places;
• Above the horizontal cracks were formed: deformed nadokonnoe overlap.
• According to a brick wall went horizontal cracks that are slightly bent arc: the wall can not withstand the severity of overlap.
• Vertical cracks between the house and the annexe: No expansion joint between these elements.

And what to do with these cracks? They can be repaired? Should I make repairs of the walls?

The first thing to establish is stopped wall deformation or still in progress. How to do it: cleaned from plaster and rinse a small section of the wall around a portion of the crack and stick across the crack paper tape. The tape should be glued tightly than thicker, the more accurate the data you receive as a result of their test.

If after three weeks belt remained intact, the walls are no longer crack, deformation process is stopped and you can safely plug the cracks. If not, you need to look for the exact cause and fix it.

eh eh

Member FORUMHOUSE

Almost all the houses give the cracks that they can appear and after 5 years. The main thing that did not go to the crack on the plinth, it would mean that the foundation is flawed.

As the time to notice that the roof began to flow until it happened no irreparable consequences?

Because leakage begins with small droplets. Until they were discovered, they can wet the rafters, insulation and ceiling. Therefore, experts recommend to inspect the condition of the roof twice a year, in spring and autumn, and in addition - after each shower! Mold and moisture in the attic ceilings, wet spots on the inner side of the roof, soaked insulation - sure signs of leakage.

By the way, the cause of leakage is often not the poor quality of the roofing material, and improper installation. Check landfall around pipes, roof elements - if the detected defects, eliminate them immediately.

What else should pay attention during the inspection of the roof?

• On the spots of light on the shingles - it most likely damage granulated topping.
• Roofing material (especially slate!) Cracked. You need to replace damaged areas as soon as possible.
• Drains were part of the roofing material. Usually this indicates serious damage, most likely, the roof will have to change completely.
• The sun's rays in the attic without windows. Poor thing - a roof sprung a leak, after the sun come rain, snow and wind, expect.
• The roof sagged. This shows the very serious problems with rafters and purlins or foundation.

Read the article, which shows Three examples of successful reconstruction nedostroya. Dilapidated houses have become comfortable cottage! BUT old shed can be converted into a comfortable guest house. Pay attention to the topic of our forum Evaluation of the acquired house under renovation: You can upload pictures of the house you plan to buy and get a professional recommendation. Browse our video, which shows the reconstruction of a classical house in the modern cottage with the motives of old England.

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